Treaties and Agreements with the 'Chippewa Indians'

U.S. & Canadian federal
treaties and agreements with Chippewa Indians
(in chronological order)

U.S. treaty of January 21, 1785 (7 Stat. 16) - with the "Wyandot, Delaware, Chippawa and Ottawa Nations."
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: "This treaty was never carried into effect, owing to the hostile attitude assumed by a large proportion of the Ohio tribes, and it was finally superseded by the treaty of Aug. 3, 1795, at Greenville."

U.S. treaty of January 9, 1789 (7 Stat. 28) - with the "Sachems and Warriors of the Wiandot, Delaware, Ottawa, Chippewa, Pattawatima and Sac Nations." U.S. proclamation, September 27, 1789.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: concluded at Fort Harmar, Ohio; reaffirms boundaries and reserves under treaty of January 21, 1785, and cedes all other claims. "This treaty was never carried into effect, owing to the uninterrupted hostilities on the part of the Indians, and it was finally superseded by the provisions of the treaty of Aug. 3, 1795, at Greenville."

U.S. treaty of August 3, 1795 (7 Stat. 49) - with the "Tribes of Indians, called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoes, Ottawas, Chipewas, Putawatimes, Miamis, Eel-river, Weea's, Kickapoos, Piankashaws, and Kaskaskias." U.S. proclamation, December 2, 1795.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: "The tract ... ceded comprised the eastern and southern portions of O hio, embracing nearly two-thirds of the State, and a triangular piece in southeastern Indi ana," along with land in Mich igan and Ill inois.

U.S. treaty of July 4, 1805 (7 Stat. 87) - with the "sachems, chiefs, and warriors of the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chipawa, Munsee and Delaware, Shawanee, and Pottawatima nations." U.S. proclamation, April 24, 1806.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: extinguished Indian title areas 53-54 in Ohio.

U.S. treaty of November 17, 1807 (7 Stat. 105) - with the "sachems, chiefs, and warriors of the Ottoway, Chippeway, Wyandotte, and Pottawatamie nations of Indians." U.S. proclamation, January 27, 1808.
        Cessions and subsequently-ceded reserve in O hio and Michigan are described in Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894.

U.S. treaty of November 25, 1808 (7 Stat. 112) - with the "Sachems, chiefs, and Warriors of the Chippewa, Ottawa, Pottawatamie, Wyandot, and Shawanoese nations of Indians." U.S. proclamation, March 3, 1809.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land for a road in Ohio, and "for the purpose of establishing settlements along the same"

U.S. treaty of September 8, 1815 (7 Stat. 131) - with the "Wyandot, Delaware, Seneca, Shawanoe, Miami, Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatimie, Tribes of Indians, residing within the limits of the State of Ohio, and the Territories of Indiana and Michigan." U.S. ratification, December 26, 1815.

U.S. treaty of August 24, 1816 (7 Stat. 146) - with the "chiefs and warriors of the united tribes of Ottawas, Chipwawas, and Pottowotomees, residing on the Illionois and Melwakee rivers, and their waters, and on the southwestern parts of Lake Michigan." U.S. proclamation December 30, 1816.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Ill inois and Wisconsin, areas 77~78~See 147~78a.

U.S. treaty of September 29, 1817 (7 Stat. 160) - with the "sachems, chiefs, and warriors, of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawanese, Potawatomees, Ottawas, and Chippewa, tribes of Indians." U.S. proclamation, January 4, 1819, supplementary treaty post.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894, ceded land in Michigan, Indiana, and O hio.

U.S. treaty of September 24, 1819 (7 Stat. 203) - with the "Chippewa nation of Indians." U.S. proclamation, March 25, 1820.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Mi chi gan.

U.S. treaty of June 16, 1820 (7 Stat. 206) - with the "Chippeway tribe of Indians." U.S. proclamation, March 2, 1821.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of July 6, 1820 (7 Stat. 207) - with the "Ottawa and Chippewa nations of Indians." U.S. proclamation, March 8, 1821.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of August 29, 1821 (7 Stat. 218) - with the "Ottawa, Chippewa, and Pottawatamie, Nations of Indians." U.S. proclamation, March 25, 1822.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan and Indiana.

U.S. treaty of August 19, 1825 with the Chippewa, Sioux, Sac and Fox, Menominee, Ipway, Winnebao, Ottawa and Potawattomie tribes (7 Stat. 272). U.S. proclamation, February 6, 1826.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: 'treaty of Prairie du Chien,' drawing boundary lines.

U.S. treaty of August 5, 1826 (7 Stat. 290) - with the "Chippewa Tribe of Indians." U.S. proclamation, February 7, 1827.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: involved Chippewa assent to treaty of August 19, 1825 at Prairie du Chien, agreement to send delegation to treaty to be held in 1827 at Green Bay.

U.S. treaty of August 11, 1827 (7 Stat. 303) - with the "Chippewa, Menomonie, and Winebago tribes of Indians." U.S. proclamation, February 23, 1829.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Wisconsin.

U.S. treaty of August 25, 1828 (7 Stat. 315) - with the "Winnebago tribe and the United Tribes of Potawatamie, Chippewa and Ottawa Indians." U.S. proclamation, January 7, 1829.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: created boundaries between Winnebago and 'united tribes of Potawatomi, Chippewa and Ottawa, and U.S. 'right of occupancy' between boundaries, establishment of ferries.

U.S. treaty of July 29, 1829 (7 Stat. 320) - with the "United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatamie Indians, of the waters of the Illinois, Milwaukee, and Manitoouck Rivers." U.S. proclamation, Jauary 2, 1830.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Wisconsin and Illinois.

U.S. treaty of September 26, 1833 (7 Stat. 431) - with the "United Nation of Chippewa, Ottowa and Potawatamie Indians ... being fully represented by the Chiefs and Head-men whose names are hereunto subscribed." U.S. proclamation, February 21, 1835.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa.

U.S. treaty of March 28, 1836 (7 Stat. 491) - with the "Ottawa and Chippewa nations of Indians, by their chiefs and delegates." U.S. proclamation, May 27, 1836.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of May 9, 1836 (7 Stat. 503) - with the "chiefs of the Swan-creek and Black-river bands of the Chippewa nation, residing within the limits of Michigan." U.S. proclamation, May 25, 1836.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan and Kansas.

U.S. treaty of January 14, 1837 with the Saginaw Band (7 Stat. 528) - with the "Saganaw tribe of the Chippewa nation, by their chiefs and delegates, assembled in council." U.S. proclamation, July 2, 1838.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of July 29, 1837 (7 Stat. 536) - with the "Chippewa nation of Indians, by their chiefs and headmen." U.S. proclamation, June 15, 1838.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

U.S. treaty of December 20, 1837 with the Saginaw band (7 Stat. 547) - with the "Saganaw tribe of Chippewas." U.S. proclamation, July 2, 1838.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: established a reserve for the Saginaw tribe of Chippewa, to which "the Indians refused to move."

U.S. treaty of January 23, 1838 with the Saginaw band (7 Stat. 565) - with the "several bands of the Chippewa nation cmprehended within the district of Saganaw." U.S. proclamation, July 2, 1838.

U.S. treaty of February 7, 1839 with the Saginaw band (7 Stat. 578) - with the "Saganaw tribes of Chippewa." U.S. proclamation, March 2, 1839.

U.S. treaty of October 4, 1842 with the Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior (7 Stat. 591) - with the "Chippewa Indians of the Mississippi, and Lake Superior, by their chiers and headmen." U.S. proclamation, March 23, 1843.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan and Wisconsin.

U.S. treaty of August 2, 1847 with the Chippewas of the Missippi and Lake Superior (7 Stat. 904) - with the "Chippewa Indians of the Mississippi and Lake Superior, by their chiefs and head-men." U.S. proclamation, April 7, 1848.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Minnesota.

U.S. treaty of August 21, 1847 with the Pillager band (7 Stat. 908) - with the "Pillager band of Chippewa Indians, by their chiefs, head-men, and warriors." U.S. proclamation, April 7, 1848.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Minnesota.

Canadian treaty of September 7, 1850 "with the Ojibewa Indians of Lake Superior conveying certain lands to the Crown" (Robinson Treaty). Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian treaty of September 9, 1850 with the "Ojibewa Indians of Lake Huron," specifically "SHINGUACOUSE NEBENAIGOCHING, KEOKOUSE, MISHEQUONGA, TAGAWININI, SHABOKISHICK, DOKIS, PONEKEOSH, WINDAWTEGOWININI, SHAWENAKESHICK, NAMASSIN, NAOQUAGABO, WABAKEKIK, KITCHEPOSSIGUN by PAPASAINSE, WAGEMAKI, PAMEQUONAISHEUNG, Chiefs; and JOHN BELL, PAQWATCHININI, MASHEKYASH, IDOWEKESIS, WAQUACOMICK, OCHEEK, METIGOMIN, WATACHEWANA, MINWAWAPENASSE, SHENAOQUOM, ONINGEGUN, PANAISSY, PAPASAINSE, ASHEWASEGA, KAGESHEWAWETUNG, SHAWONEBIN; and also Chief MAISQUASO (also Chiefs MUCKATA, MISHOQUET, and MEKIS), and MISHOQUETTO and ASA WASWANAY and PAWISS, principal men of the OJIBEWA INDIANS, inhabiting and claiming the Eastern and Northern Shores of Lake Huron, from Penetanguishine to Sault Ste. Maire, and thence to Batchewanaung Bay, on the Northern Shore of Lake Superior; together with the Islands in the said Lakes, opposite to the Shores thereof, and inland to the Height of land which separates the Territory covered by the charter of the Honorable Hudson Bay Company from Canada; as well as all unconceded lands within the limits of Canada West to which they have any just claim." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation." (Robinson Treaty)

U.S. treaty of September 30, 1854 wth the Chippewas of the Mississippi and Lake Superior (10 Stat. 1109) - with the "Chippewa Indians of Lake Superior and the Mississippi, by their chiefs and head-men." U.S. proclamation, January 29, 1855.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Minne sota, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

U.S. trreaty of February 22, 1855 with the Pillager, Lake Winnebagoshish and Mississippi bands (10 Stat. 1165) - with "the following-named chiefs and delegates, representing the Mississippi bands of Chippewa Indians, viz: Pug-o-na-ke-shick, or Hole-in-the-day; Que-we-sans-ish, or Bad Boy; Wand-e-kaw, or Little Hill; I-awe-showe-we-ke-shig, or Crossing Sky; Petud-dunce, or Rat’s Liver; Mun-o-min-e-kay-shein, or Rice-Maker; Mah-yah-ge-way-we-durg, or the Chorister; Kay-gwa-daush, or the Attempter; Caw-caug-e-we-goon, or Crow Feather; and Show-baush-king, or He that passes under Everything, and the following-named chiefs and delegates representing the Pillager and Lake Winnibigoshish bands of Chippewa Indians, viz: Aish-ke-bug-e-koshe, or Flat Mouth; Be-sheck-kee, or Buffalo; Nay- bun-a-caush, or Young Man’s Son; Maug-e-gaw-bow, or Stepping Ahead; Mi-gi-si, or Eagle, and Kaw-be-mub-bee, or North Star, they being thereto duly authorized by the said bands of Indians respectively." U.S. proclamation, April 7, 1855.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Minne sota.

U.S. treaty of July 31, 1855 with the Ottawa and Chippewa of Michigan (11 Stat. 621) - with "the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan, parties to the treaty of March 28, 1836." U.S. proclamation, September 10, 1856.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of August 2, 1855 with the Chippewa of Sault Ste. Marie (11 Stat. 631) - "with the Chippewa Indians of Sault Ste. Marie." U.S. proclamation, April 24, 1856.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land 'within the village limits of Sault Ste. Marie.'

U.S. treaty of August 2, 1855 with Saginaw band (11 Stat. 633) - with "that portion of the band of Chippewa Indians of Swan Creek and Black River, parties to the treaty of May 9, 1836, and now remaining in the State of Michigan." U.S. proclamation, June 21, 1856.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of July 16, 1859 (12 Stat. 1105) - with "the following-named delegates representing the Swan Creek and Black River Chippewas and the Munsee or Christian Indians, they being duly authorized thereto by said Indians, viz: Eshton-quit, or Francis McCoonse, Edward McCoonse, William Turner, Antwine Gokey, Henry Donohue, Ignatius Caleb, and John Williams." U.S. proclamation, July 9, 1860.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: consolidated Swan Creek, Black River, and Munsee or Christian Indians 'as one band'; ceded land in Kansas.

U.S. treaty of March 11, 1863 with the Mississippi, Pillager, and Lake Winnebagoshish bands (12 Stat. 1249) - :for and on behalf of the Chippewas of the Mississippi and the Pillager and Lake Winnibigoshish bands of Chippewa Indians in Minnesota." U.S. proclamation, March 19, 1863.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: 'treaty was canceled and superseded by the treaty of May 7, 1864.'

U.S. treaty of October 2, 1863 with the Red Lake and Pembina bands (13 Stat. 667) - with "the Red Lake and Pembina bands of Chippewas; by their chiefs, head-men, and warriors." U.S. proclamation, May 5, 1864.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Minnesota and Dakota.

U.S. treaty of April 12, 1864 with the Red Lake and Pembina bands (13 Stat. 689) - with the "Red Lake and Pembina bands of Chippewa Indians, by their chiefs, head-men, and warriors, conlcuded at the City of Washington, District of Columbia ..." U.S. proclamation, April 25, 1864.
        Amendments to treaty of October 2, 1863.

Executive order of April 16, 1864: consolidation of Ottawa and Chippewa on Little Traverse reserve in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of May 7, 1864 with the Mississippi, Pillager, and Lake Winnibagoshish bands (13 Stat. 693) - with "the Chippewa chief Hole-in-the-day, and Mis-qua-dace, for and on behalf of the Chippewas of the Mississippi, and Pillager and Lake Winnebagoshish bands of Chippewa Indians in Minnesota." U.S. proclamation, March 20, 1865.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Minne sota.

U.S. treaty of October 18, 1864 with the Saginaw band (14 Stat. 657) - with "the Chippewas of Saginaw, Swan Creek, and Black River, in the State of Michigan aforesaid, parties to the treaty of August 2d, 1855." US. proclamation August 16, 1866.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Michigan.

U.S. treaty of April 7, 1866 with the Bois Fort band (14 Stat. 765) - with the "Bois Forte band of Chippewa Indians ... by the undersigned chiefs, head-men, and warriors of said bands." U.S. proclamation, May 5, 1866.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: ceded land in Minnesota.

U.S. treaty of March 19, 1867 with the Mississippi band (16 Stat. 719) - with the "Chippewas of the Mississippi, represented by Que-we-zance, or Hole-in-the-Day, Qui-we-shen-shish, Wau-bon-a-quot, Min-e-do-wob, Mijaw-ke-ke-shik, Shob-osk-kunk, Ka-gway-dosh, Me-no-ke-shick, Way-namee, and O-gub-ay-gwan-ay-aush."   U.S. proclamation, April 18, 1867.
        According to Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894: land in Minnesota.

Canadian Treaty No. 1 of August 3, 1871, with the "Chippewa and Swampy Cree tribes of Indians, inhabitants of the country within the limits hereinafter defined and described, by their Chiefs chosen and named as hereinafter mentioned ..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 2 of August 21, 1871, with the "Chippewa tribe of Indians, inhabitants of the country within the limits hereinafter defined and described, by their Chiers chosen and named as hereinafter mentioned ..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 3 of October 3, 1873, with the "Salteaux tribe of Ojibway Indians, inhabitants of the country within the limits hereinafter defined and desribed, by their Chiefs chosen and named as hereinafter mentioned ..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 4 of September 15, 1874, with the "Cree, Salteaux and other Indians, inhabitants of the country within the limits hereinafter defined and described by their Chiefs and Headmen, chosen and named as hereinafter mentioned ..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 5 of September 20th and 24th, 1875, with the "Salteaux and Swampy Cree tribes of Indias, inhabitants of the country within the limits hereinafter defined and described, by their Chiefs, chosen and named as hereinafter mentioned ..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 6 of August 23 and 28th and September 9th, 1876, with the "Plain and Wood Cree and other Tribes of Indians, inhabitants of the country within the limits hereinafter defined and described by their Chiefs, chosen and named as hereinafter mentioned..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 7 of September 22 and December 4, 1877 with the "Blackfeet, Blood, Piegan, Sarcee, Stony and other Indians, inhabitants of the Territory north of the United States boundary line, easty of the central range of the Rocky Mountains, and south and west of Treaties numbers six and four, by their Head Chiefs and Minor Chiefs or Councillors..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

U.S. agreement with the Red Lake band of August 23, 1886 (not ratified)

U.S. agreement with the White Earth, Pillager and Lake Winnebagoshish bands - August 11, 1886

U.S. agreement with the Turtle Mountain band of Chippewas, October 2, 1892 (33 Stat. 189)

Canadian Treaty No. 8 of June 21, 1899, with the "Cree, Beaver, Chipewyan and other Indians, inhabitants of the terriotry within the limits hereinafter defined and described, by their Chiefs and Headmen..." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

U.S. agreement with the Red Lake band of Chippewas, March 10, 1902 (33 Stat. 46)

Canadian Treaty No. 9 of November 6, 1905, and October 5, 1906. (James Bay Treaty). Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 10 (1906-7). Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian Treaty No. 11 of June 27, 1921 and adhesion of July 17, 1922. Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian treaty of October 31, 1923 with "the Chippewa Indians of Christian Island, Georgina Island and Rama." Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation." (One of the "Williams Treaties.") Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

Canadian treaty of November 15, 1923 with the "Mississauga Indians of Rice Lake, Mud Lake, Scugog Lake and Alderville. (One of the "Williams Treaties.") Text "of the treaties as printed by Canada following their negotiation."

1. list of U.S. treaties compiled by the Institute for the Development of Indian Law, 927 15th Street, N.W., Suite 612, Washington, D.C. 20005, May 1974
2. list of Canadian treaties from Indian and Northern Affairs, Canada. Maps and additional information, including "selected treaties from the National Archives of Canada."

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