Ojibwe Bibliography – part 6

[01-19-04]

 

 

2700.    Robin, R. W., Long, J. C., Rasmussen, J. K., Albaugh, B., & Goldman, D. (1998). Relationship of Binge Drinking to Alcohol Dependence, Other Psychiatric Disorders, and Behavioral Problems in an American Indian Tribe. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 22 (2), 518-523.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: The hypothesis that binge drinking is a benign behavior not associated with alcohol dependence, other psychiatric disorders, or problem areas, in American Indians, was tested in a sample of 582 adult Southwestern American Indian males and females in large multigenerational pedigrees. All information was obtained from semistructured psychiatric interviews that were independently blind-rated for DSM-III-R diagnoses. Three main outcome measures were used: the relationship between binge drinking and (1) alcohol dependence and other psychiatric disorders, (2) substance abuse treatment, and (3) four behavioral problem categories-violence/lawlessness, physical, social, and work. Binge drinking and alcohol dependence were strongly associated. Most binge drinkers were diagnosed as alcohol dependent. However, when controlling for alcohol dependence and other covariates, binge drinking was independently associated with an increase in odds for positive diagnoses for multiple psychiatric disorders, and for social, work, physical, and violence/lawlessness behavioral problems. In sum, binge drinking was found to be a common and severe problem with deleterious consequences in multiple domains of functioning. Assessment instruments should be designed to elicit information on binge patterns of drinking and strategies devised to provide appropriate treatment.  (Abstract by: Author)

2701.   . (1979). J. W. Robinson, & C. Kelsey Reminiscences of Josephine Warren Robinson, White Earth band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23017546

2702.   Robinson, L. (1994). Running Scared: An Ojibway coach is accused of robbing his "scared running" team of $30,000. This Magazine, 27(8), 33.
Notes: Source: UnCover database (Aug 1999)

2703.   Robyn, L. M. (1999). Resource colonialism and native resistance: the mining wars in Wisconsin (Chippewa) . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Western Michigan University.
Abstract: In recent years powerful multinational mining corporations have attempted to mine various minerals found on Indian lands in the northern region of Wisconsin. These lands are currently protected from corporate incursion by treaties between the Chippewa people and the United States government. The Chippewa are using the treaties as an obstacle to corporate access to their lands and to protect their lands from the environmental devastation that will occur from proposed mining ventures. This case study utilizes a  power-reflexive method to analyze the power of the state to control rich mineral resources known to be on reservation lands. Under examination are state and corporate actors and the methods used in an attempt to abrogate the treaties made during the 1800s so that they may continue to use the Chippewa as a resource colony to gain access to these rich mineral deposits. A power-reflexive approach in this research will demonstrate how native peoples are challenging the most powerful institutions of a large nation state by using their capabilities to blend assertion of treaty rights with innovative and militant forms of environmental activism. This research focuses on the American Indian point of view, and how consideration of American Indian views and philosophies concerning the environmentcan help create a new heritage of respect, cooperation, and freedom.

2704.   . (1979). C. Rock, & P. T. HoulihanReminiscences of Cecilia Rock, Leech Lake band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 22891940

2705.   . (1979). R. Rock, & C. KelseyReminiscences of Reuben Rock, White Earth band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23017550

2706.   Beltrami County, Minnesota : recreation map. (1988). Rockford, IL: Rockford Map Publishers.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search).  Map published to accompany Beltrami County, Minnesota land atlas and plat book, 1988

2707.   Roddis, L. H. (Louis Harry), 1886- . (1956). The Indian wars of Minnesota. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 3512768

2708.   Roefer, F., & Bakker, W. (1969). The Cottonwood County petroglyphs . Jeffers? Minn.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 11584779

2709.   . (1973). F. Roefer, M. English, & G. A. Lothson, 1939-  (Minnesota Historical Society. Archaeology Dept.), The Jeffers Petroglyphs : a cultural-ecological study  . [Saint Paul, Minn.] : Minnesota Historical Society.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 4521077. "This report is published in a limited quantity for review purposes only and is not for sale." Includes bibliography.

2710.   Rogers, E. S. (1965). Leadership among the Indians of Eastern Subarctic Canada. Anthropologica (Ottawa), 7(2), 263-284.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XII (1968:102)

2711.   Rogers, E. S., & Black, M. B. (1980). Method for reconstructing patterns of change: surname adoption by the Weagamow Ojibwa, 1870-1950. Ethnohistory, 5(4), 319-345.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXVI (1983:130)

2712.   (1972). New York: Grossman Publishers.
Notes: ERIC NO: ED067208
Abstract: The Jackdaw packet contains historical documents dealing with Canadian Indians. The packet may be used for senior high school and college level students. Included are a reproduction of a birchbark scroll owned by an Ojibwa Medicine Society, showing membership symbols known only to the society; a speech (1743) by an Indian chief, as transcribed into a journal, at the opening of trading on the Hudson Bay; a Bill of lading (c. 1800) for a canoe of the North West Company as it left Montreal; an illustration of the Indian culture areas of Canada indicating groupings of Indians by similar life styles; a record, containing Indian songs and chants; a Jesuit map of the upper Great Lakes (1682) showing the location of Indians and missions between the Mississippi (Colbert) River and Lake Ontario; a map of new discoveries in North America published in London by Arrowsmith (1796); and a Manitoban, Winnipeg newspaper, 11 October 1873, report on Treaty No. 3 between the Cree and Ojibwa Indians and Lieutenant-Governor Morris and his party. Also, Indian unrest is reported: a long report of the uprising of 1869-70 at Red River, concerning the execution of Thomas Scott, an Ontario Orangemen, and clippings of reports and comments on the Alert Bay Potlatch raid (1922-23) and on the Indian protest at Kenora (November 1965) are taken from the British Columbia newspaper. Also contained in this packet are a list of Things to Think About, Things to Do, and a Bibliography for more reading. (FF)

2713.   Rogers, E. S. (1983). Cultural adaptations: the northern Ojibwa of the boreal forest 1670-1980. Boreal forest adaptations  (pp. 85-141). New York: Plenum Press.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2714.   Rogers, E. S. (1969). The Ojibwa. Beaver, outfit 300, 46-49.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2715.   Rogers, E. S. (1962). The Round Lake Ojibwa. Royal Ontario Museum Paper Vol. 5). Toronto: University of Toronto.
Notes: Source: bibliography in Ritzenthaler and Ritzenthaler (1970)

2716.   Rogers, E. S., & Rogers, M. B. (1982). Who were the cranes? Groups and group identity names in northern Ontario. Proceedings - Annual Conference of the Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary, (13), 147-188.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2717.   Rogers, E. S. (1977). Bishop, Charles A. The Northern Ojibwa and the fur trade: a historical and ecological study. [book review]. American Anthropologist, 79(3), 670-671.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXIII (1981:74)

2718.   Rogers, J. H. (1978). Differential focussing in Ojibwa conjunct verbs: on circumstances, participants or events. International Journal of American Linguistics, 44(3), 167-179.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXIV (1981:81)

2719.   Rogers, J. H. (1975). Non-TA verbs of Parry island Ojibwa. International Journal of American Linguistics, 41(1), 21-31, ill.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXII (1979:118)

2720.   Rogers, J. H. (1975). Prediction of transitive animate verbs in an Ojibwa dialect. International Journal of American Linguistics, 41(2), 114-139.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXII (1979:118)

2721.   Rogers, J. H. (1976). Coding of role information in Ojibwa. Papers of the Algonquian Conference. 1975. Ottawa. 7th,  257-271.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2722.   Rogers, J. H. (1975). Participant identification and role allocation in Ojibwa. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada).

2723.   Rogers, J. (1974). Red world and white: memories of a Chippewa boyhood. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
Notes: Source: Midé bibliography compiled by Sára Kaiser (1997)
Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

2724.   Rogers, M. (144). Chippewa families: A social study of white earth reservation, 1938. LIBR J .
Notes: Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999

2725.   Rogers, V. (1989). Ah-Dick Songab genealogy.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2726.   Rogers, V. (1989). Broken Tooth Genealogy.  deposited by Virginia Rogers at the Minnesota Historical Society.
Notes: cited by Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2727.   Rogers, V. (1989). Flat Mouth Genealogy.  deposited by Virginia Rogers at the Minnesota Historical Society.
Notes: cited inWub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2728.   Rogers, V. (1976-1978). Historical Society genealogical cards.
Notes: r. 1. Across the Land-Lareau, Noel -- r. 2. Lareau, Simeon-May yah we gah bow -- r. 3. May yah we gah bow- Zozay. File of ca. 20,000 cards compiled by Virginia Rogers in 1976- 1978, containing English names, Indian names, and translations of Indian names for Indians and Métis in Minnesota. Microfilm.  [Minnesota? : s.n., 1979]. 3 microfilm reels : negative ; 16 mm.

2729.   Rogers, V. (1984). The taking of the White Earth Reservation.  [privately published].
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2730.   Rohrl, V. (1972). Some observations on the drum society of Chippewa Indians. Ethnohistory, 19(3), 219-225.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XX (1976:153)

2731.   Rohrl, V. J. (1981). Change for continuity: the people of a Thousand Lakes. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXVII (1985:159)
Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

2732.   Rohrl, V. J. (1967). A Chippewa funeral. Wisconsin Archaeologist, 48(2), 137-140.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2733.   Rohrl, V. J. (1968). The Drum societies in a southwestern Chippewa community. Wisconsin Archeologist, 49 (3), 131-137.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2734.   Rohrl, V. J. L. (1967). The people of Mille Lacs: a study of social organization and value orientations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

2735.   Rokala, D. A., & Polesky, H. F. (1973). Demographic and Genetic Structures of Reservation Populations. 1. The Greater Leech Lake (Ojibwa) Reservation. Social Biology, 20(4), 427-437.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Source: Family Studies database [University of Minnesota onlinedatabase], August 29, 1999 search

2736.   Rokala, D. A. (1972). The anthropological genetics and demography of the Southwestern Ojibwa in the greater Leech Lake--Chippewa National Forest area. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

2737.   Rolater, F. S. (1993). The American Indian and the origin of the second American party system. Wisconsin Magazine of History, 76(3), 180.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)

2738.   Rolf, B., Meyer, E., Brinkmann, B., & De Knijff, P. (1998). Polymorphism at the Tetranucleotide Repeat Locus Dys389 in 10 Populations Reveals Strong Geographic Clustering. European Journal of Human Genetics, 6(6), 583-588.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: Several short tandem repeat polymorphism loci at the non-recombining part of the Y chromosome have been described recently and are now widely used for the investigation of the history and the diversity of man. The tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at the DYS389 locus consists of two repetitive stretches with different numbers of (TCTG)n (TCTA)m repeat units. To study the overall variability of this locus, 768 alleles from males from 10 human populations (two sub-Saharan African, four Caucasoid and four Asian/Amerind populations) were investigated. The alleles found in the populations of different geographic origin exhibited remarkable differences in the number and arrangement of repeats in the two repetitive stretches and up to nine different sequence variants for a single fragment length have been detected. So far 53 different alleles, i.e. haplotypes, have been observed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates that at least 24.5% of the total genetic variance was found between the populations and that these differences were significant in most pairwise comparisons. We propose a model, in which both founder effects and genetic drift together with single step replication slippage mutations explain the picture of haplotype diversity observed with this single locus.  (Abstract by: Author)

2739.   Roman Stateley. (1993). The Red Lake Nation [sic], a report to the people of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2740.   Rommen, H. A. (1945). The state in Catholic thought, a treatise in political philosophy. London.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2741.   Ronaghan, N. E. A. (1988). The Archibald admnistration in Manitoba--1870-1872. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Manitoba (Canada).
Abstract: The Red River Insurrection was not a rebellion against Canadian or British authority but rather a reaction against the actions and words of the 'Canadian' party and the failure of anyone in authority to consult with the Red River people as to their future. The Insurrection did not represent a victory for those who led it, nor did it secure the position of the Metis people in Manitoba. Rather it merely interrupted a constitutional revolution by which Manitoba entered Confederation with its public lands appropriated 'for purposes of the Dominion.' The uproar in Ontario concerning the execution of Scott served effectively to divert attention from this revolution. The Red River Expeditionary Force did not bring law and order to Manitoba. The Ontario Rifles at Fort Garry became an unruly army of occupation, providing protection for the 'Canadian' party and a 'reign of terror' for the Metis. This army of occupation prevented Lieutenant-Governor Archibald from succeeding in his policy of conciliation and from establishing responsible government in Manitoba. Archibald managed to hold the allegiance of the Metis during the confrontation at Riviere aux Ilets de Bois by giving them certain assurances concerning the way they wished to hold the land to be granted them under the terms of the Manitoba Act. The Canadian Cabinet refused to honor these undertakings. The attacks on Archibald begun by the Liberal and repeated in the Ontario press made his position untenable. After the so-called 'Fenian Raid' when Archibald accepted the Metis offer of support and shook hands with Riel, the outcry in the Ontario press forced Archibald to submit his resignation. With the passing of the British North America Act of 1871 by the British Parliament and the Dominion Lands Act of 1872 by the Canadian Parliament the constitutional revolution was complete and Manitoba, its people still not amnestied, was effectively a 'colony of a colony.'

2742.   Roosevelt, F. ("before World War II"). [Letter to Hitler, Adolf].
Notes: cited by Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)
For example, the cable sent from Adolf Hitler to U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt in response to F.D.R.'s questions about Hitler's genocide.  Hitler responded, "Who are you to tell me what to do?  Clean up your own backyard."

2743.   Roosevelt, T. (1973). S. L. TylerA History of Indian Policy .
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2744.   Rose, A. P., 1875-1970. (1911). An illustrated history of the counties of Rock and Pipestone, Minnesota. Luverne, Minn.  Northern History Publishing Company.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 10510893

2745.   Rose, R. (1952). Experiments in ESP and PK with aborignal subjects. Journal of Parapsychology, 16(3), 219-220, 1 tbl.
Notes: Source: Parapsychology Abstracts International, Jun 1986:11
Abstract: The author reports briefly on GESP and PK experiments conducted  by he and his wife from December, 1950, to February, 1951, with grops of natives in Central Australia, principally the detribalized Aranda (Arunta) people at Hermannesburg and the tribal members of the Pitjendadjara tribe at Areyonga.  A total of 25 natives participatged in 171 GESP runs with an insigificant positive total.  The mssionary natives scored close to mean chance expectation, but the tribal natives scored significantly positive.  A total of 1,128 PK runs with 12 dice per throw produced an insignificant deviation.  Aboriganal clever men showed no special psi ability in the experimental situation.
  A summary of the results of all the experiments conducted to date by he and his wife are reported to be as follows: 526 GESP runs yielded an average score of 5.57 and a CR of 6.60; 3,192 PK runs yielded an average score of 4.03, which is not significant. --R.A.W.

2746.   Rosen, M. (1994). Friend of the Earth. (Native American activist Winona LaDuke). People Weekly, 42(22), 165 (4).
Notes: Source: InfoTrac [electronic database--Daemon@epub.med.iacnet.com]: Oct 1999 search
Abstract: LaDuke has been fighting for the reclamation of the lands and culture of the Anishinabe tribe. The Harvard-educated activist is the founder of the White Earth Land Recovery Project. Less than one-tenth of the tribe's reservation lands remains in their possession.

2747.   Rosenthal, B. G. (1974). Development of Self-Identification in Relation to Attitudes Towards the Self in the Chippewa Indians. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 90((1st Half)), 43-141.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search

2748.   . (1979). A. Ross, b. 1889, & H. T. HooverReminiscences of Alex Ross, Mdewakanton Community of Prior Lake, Minnesota .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23179983

2749.   Ross, J. (1994). Rebellion from the Roots: Indian Uprising in Chiapas.  Common Courage Press.
Notes: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

2750.   Ross, L. M. (1980). Results of thermoluminescence dating measurements on pottery sherds from the Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site (North Dakota), Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota), and Ozark National Scenic Riverway (Missouri) . St. Louis, Mo.  Center for Archaeometry, Washington University.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 6857819. Cover title. Other: Sutton, S. R. United States. National Park Service. Washington University. Center for Archaeometry.

2751.   . (1979). R. Ross, 1918- , V. Ross, & H. T. HooverReminiscences of Rufus and Verna Ross, Mdewakanton Community of Prior Lake, Minnesota .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23179988

2752.   Rossow, M. D. (1995). The effect of community structure on newspapers' reporting of environmental issues involving high versus low intracommunity strife. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Abstract: Two  environment-related issues emerged in northern Wisconsin in the middle 1980s--one a dispute over the federal government's consideration of two granite batholiths in Wisconsin as potential sites for a nuclear-waste repository, the other a battle over spearfishing rights of six bands of Chippewa Indians. This dissertation examined press coverage of both issues by newspapers in communities in or near the affected areas. The project focused on the relationship between community pluralism and conflict coverage as influenced by the level of intracommunity discord over each issue. Seventeen communities were ranked on a pluralism (community structure) scale, and a content analysis was conducted of all stories about both issues in the newspapers that served those communities. The analysis examined a total of 683 newspaper articles. Specifically, it was hypothesized that newspapers in lower pluralism communities would cover the issues differently from their counterpart papers in  higher pluralism communities. It was expected that the lower  pluralism papers would be more cautious than the higher pluralism papers in covering the spearing controversy, an issue marked by intense intracommunity discord. Internal discord over the  nuclear-waste issue was much lower, with almost unanimous community rejection of the siting plan. The data generally supported the hypotheses, with lower pluralism papers providing proportionally much less coverage of spearing versus nuclear waste when compared with higher pluralism papers. Several of the lower pluralism papers totally ignored the spearing dispute, although all provided coverage of the nuclear-waste issue. The material gathered in the study followed a pattern seen in earlier pluralism research showing smaller newspapers reluctant to cover topics in a way that could threaten the community's social fabric. The material also suggested that the level of intensity of intracommunity conflict over an issue may be a factor in the amount and completeness of coverage of the issue.

2753.   Rotenberg, K. J., & Mayer, E. V. (1990). Delay of Gratification in Native and White Children a Cross-Cultural Comparison. International Journal of Behavioral Development , 13(1), 23-30.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: The study was designed to assess whether the development of the delay of gratification found in White children is evident in Native children from an isolated Ojibwa band in northern Ontario Canada.  Initially, the Native children's, reward values were assessed and from those an immediate small reward and a delayed larger reward were selected.  A group of White children were similarly tested and a subsample of White children were selected whose reward values matched those of the Natives.  In a second session, once the children's understanding of 'one day later' had been determined, they were posed with the conventional delay of gratification task.  It was found that both the Native and White children showed the acquisition of the delay of gratification with age and showed it at approximately the same rate.  However, the Native children tended to show less delay of gratification than did the White children.

2754.   Roufs, T. G. (1981). Bibliography of Chippewa Indians.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2755.   Roufs, T. G. (1983). Index to the works listed in the working bibliography of Chippewa/Ojibwa/Anishinabe and selected works. Duluth, MN: University of Minnesota.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXX (1987:10)

2756.   Roufs, T. G., & Aitken, L. P. (1984). Information relating to the Chippewa peoples from the handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Duluth, MN: University of Minnesota.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXX (1987:171)

2757.   Roufs, T. J., & James, B. J. (1974). Myth in method: more on Ojibwa culture. Current Anthropology, 15(3), 307-310.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XX (1976:139)
Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search, Comment by Bernard J. James p. 309-310

2758.   Rountree, H. C. (1998). Powhatan Indian women: The people Captain John Smith barely saw. Ethnohistory, 45(1), 1-29.
Notes: Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999

2759.   Rowan, C. T. (1957). The plight of the upper midwest Indian. 'The first are last.'. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Star and Tribune Co.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 25450627. Reprinted from the Minneapolis tribune, Feb. 17 through Mar. 3, 1957.

2760.   (1998). R. A. Rozoff. St. Germain, WI : DeltaVision Entertainment.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October, 1999 search)
Abstract: This program examines Chippewa ricing methods and illustrates the growth cycle of the sacred grain called Mahnomin. Efforts by the 1854 Authority through the "Circle of Flight" program to improve and better manage wetland habitats are presented. VHS.

2761.   Rubenstein, B. a. (1974). Justice denied: an analysis of American Indian-White relations in Michigan, 1855-1899. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University.

2762.   Ruffalovich, D. C. (1982). The myth between: a structural study of north American Indian mythology. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.
Abstract: This study is a structural analysis of northern North American Indian mythology. Following a discussion of method and theory, it is demonstrated how, on the Great Lakes, a Winnebago myth of the origin of the menstrual customs is transformed into an Ojibwa myth of the origin of the male puberty fast. It is then demonstrated how these myths are transformed into the origin of the Big Dipper on the Plains and reconstructed on the Northwest Plateau and Coast. It is shown that a myth consists of all its variants, including ethnographic and ethnological ones. It is also shown that myth is a means and not an object of thought.

2763.   . (1989). J. F. RuhlWater resources of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, east-central Minnesota  . St. Paul, Minn. : Denver, Colo.  Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor].
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 20507172. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41- 42).

2764.   . (1991). J. F. RuhlWater resources of the Red Lake Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota  . St. Paul, Minn. : Denver, Colo.  U.S. Geological Survey ; Books and Open- File Reports Section [distributor].
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 25014815
Source: PALS online catalog (October 1999 search)

2765.   . (1989). J. F. RuhlWater resources of the White Earth Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota  . St. Paul, Minn. : Denver, Colo.  Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor].
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 21274622.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 72- 73).  Other: White Earth Indian Reservation (Minn.). Business Committee. Geological Survey (U.S.)

2766.   Ruhlen, M. (1995). Proto-Amerind Numerals. Anthropological Science, 103(3), 209-225.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: The Amerind language family includes all the aboriginal languages of North and South America, except for those belonging to the Eskimo-Aleut and Na-Dene families. Comparative linguistic evidence from extant (or attested) Amerind languages indicates that Proto-Amerind - the language from which all Amerind languages derive-used a system of counting in which an obligatory numeral prefix, *ne-, preceded the numeral root. The first three numerals in Proto-Amerind seem to have been *ne-k'(w)e '1,' *ne-pale '2,' and *ne-q(w)alas '3.' A fourth numeral, Proto-Amerind *ta-pale '4,' combined a reflexive prefix with the Proto-Amerind root for '2' in order to express the number '4.' [References: 47]

2767.   Ruiz-Linares, A., Ortiz-Barrientos, D., Figueroa, M., Mesa, N., Munera J. G., Bedoya, G., Velez I. D. , Garcia, L. F., Perez-Lezaun, A., Bertranpetit, J., Feldman, M. W., & Goldstein D. B. (1999). Microsatellites Provide Evidence for Y Chromosome Diversity Among the Founders of the New World. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96(11), 6312-6317.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: Recently, Y chromosome markers have begun to be used to study Native American origins. Available data have been interpreted as indicating that the colonizers of the New World carried a single founder haplotype. However, these early studies have been based on a few, mostly complex polymorphisms of insufficient resolution to determine whether observed diversity stems from admixture or diversity among the colonizers. Because the interpretation of Y chromosomal variation in the New World depends on founding diversity, it is important to develop marker systems with finer resolution. Here we evaluate the hypothesis of a single-founder Y haplotype for Amerinds by using 11 Y-specific markers in five Colombian Amerind populations. Two of these markers (DYS271, DYS287) are reliable indicators of admixture and detected three non-Amerind chromosomes in our sample. Two other markers (DYS199, M19) are single-nucleotide polymorphisms mostly restricted to Native Americans. The relatedness of chromosomes defined by these two markers was evaluated by constructing haplotypes with seven microsatellite loci (DYS388 to 394). The microsatellite backgrounds found on the two haplogroups defined by marker DYS199 demonstrate the existence of at least two Amerind founder haplotypes, one of them (carrying allele DYS199 T) largely restricted to Native Americans. The estimated age and distribution of these haplogroups places them among the founders of the New World.  (Abstract by: Author)

2768.   Russell, A. J., b. 1807. (1870). The Red River country, Hudson's Bay and North-West Territories considered in relation to Canada with the last two reports of S.J. Dawson, Esquire, C.E., on the line of route between Lake Superior and the Red River settlement, illustrated with a map . Montreal: G.E. Desbarats.
Notes: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 10594878, 13557856. Other: Dawson, S. J. (Simon James), 1820- 1902. ... accession: 24083470.

2769.   . (1869). A. J. Russell, b. 1807, & Canada. Dept. of Public WorksThe Red River Country, Hudson's Bay & North-west territories, considered in relation to Canada with the last report of S.J. Dawson ... on the line of route between Lake Superior and the Red River Settlement ...   Ottawa : G.E. Desbarats.
Notes: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 15453380.  Original wrappers. Apparently a second issue. cf. "Second preface" tipped-in on page [vii].  Other: Canada. Dept. of Public Works.  ... accession: 18480765.  Other: Dawson, S. J. (Simon James), 1820-1902. Hudson's Bay Company. ... accession: 35647569.

2770.   Russell, G. (1998). Drawing The Line. Native Peoples : the Journal of the Heard Museum, 11(3), 70.
Notes: Source: UnCover
Abstract: George Russell (Saginaw Chippewa) got tired of getting stumped every time his non-indian co-workers asked him about Native America. So he did something about it, including writing this article.

2771.   . (1904). M. C. Russell, 1840- Uncle Dudley's odd hours western sketches, Indian trail echoes, straws of humor  . Lake City, Minn.  "The Home Printery".
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 15458729 ... accession: 5879698 ... accession: 4080730

2772.   Ryan, L. M. J., 1941- . (1975). Reasons for American Indian students dropping out of a Minnesota high school : a survey of teachers and the dropouts . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Moorhead State College.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 10434075

2773.   Rynkiewich, M. A.Chippewa powwows. Anishinabe  (pp. 31-100, ill.). Tallahassee, FL: University Presses of Florida.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2774.   Sabathy-Judd, G. (1999). The diary of the Moravian Indian mission of Fairfield, Upper Canada, 1792-1813 (Ontario). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Western Ontario (Canada).
Abstract: This thesis is an annotated translation from the original German of the official diary of the Moravian Indian mission of Fairfield, Upper Canada. The translated text is preceded by a thematic, five-part Introduction, which places the Moravians in the proper historical, diplomatic and religious context. The diary commences with the foundation of the mission in April, 1792, and ends with the latter's destruction in the War of 1812. As an historical document of its time and place, it has no parallel. Part one of the Introduction deals briefly with the Moravians' European background and their world-wide mission program. It examines the Moravians as an extra-ecclesiastical institution, and as Evangelicals, and compares them to the Methodists. The conparison is deliberate. Methodists and Moravians have much in common but differ on a fundamental point in their theology, something the diary helps to demonstrate.  More importantly, the Methodists were the only other active Evangelicals on the Thames in Fairfield's time. Part two deals with why and how the Moravians came to Upper Canada and to what extent they made good loyal citizens of the newly formed province. It places them in the Ohio Valley during the American Revolution and traces their movements throughout Ohio and Michigan, and finally to Fairfield. This section centres on Moravian 'neutrality,' something that was of great consequence to their future as an Indian mission. While they practised non-involvement in all military conflicts, they did not espouse a Quaker-like pacifism. Neither did their non-combative position save them from harassment in times of war. Fairfield was the largest settlement on the lower Thames in the eighteenth century. Its physical description and function as a multi-cultural pioneer farming community is the theme of the third section while the fourth deals with the community as a religious institution. Like all Moravian missions, Fairfield followed a well-established pattern in its daily spiritual life whose rather complex system is explored in full. The fifth and last section places  the Fairfield diary in the larger context of extant Moravian archive material. Here a comparison to the Jesuit Relations is made. Style and format of the original document and methods of translation are discussed. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

2775.   Saewyc, E. M., Skay, C. L., Bearinger, L. H., Blum, R. W., & Resnick M. D. (1998). Demographics of Sexual Orientation Among American-Indian Adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(4), 590-600.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: Self-report of sexual orientation and sexual behavior was compared for 12,978 reservation-based American-Indian and 11,356 rural Anglo-American adolescents. Findings included a significantly higher prevalence of homosexual, bisexual, and unsure responses among American Indians. However, a larger nonresponse rate for American-Indian adolescents raises questions about the cultural relevance of the survey method, and underscores the need for development of more culturally sensitive research tools and methods.  (Abstract by: Author)

2776.   Saewyc, E. M., Skay, C. L., Bearinger, L. H., Blum, R. W., & Resnick, M. D. (1998). Sexual Orientation, Sexual Behaviors, and Pregnancy Among American Indian Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23(4), 238-247.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: PURPOSE: A recent study found a disproportionate number of pregnancies among Euro-American lesbian and bisexual adolescents compared to heterosexual peers. American Indian adolescents have reported higher prevalence of gay/lesbian/bisexual orientations than Euro-Americans; do they also report higher prevalence of pregnancy? METHODS: The study assessed prevalence of teen pregnancy and related factors by sexual orientation among sexually experienced, reservation-based American Indian adolescent males (n = 2056) and females (n = 1693) who participated in a national school-based survey in 1991. Self-reported orientation was classified as heterosexual, gay/lesbian/bisexual, and 'unsure' of orientation. RESULTS: Gay/bisexual males were more likely than other males to report early heterosexual intercourse (<14 years), more consistent contraception, and a higher prevalence of abuse and running away (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001). Likewise, lesbian/bisexual females were more likely to report early onset of heterosexual intercourse, more frequent intercourse, and running away. Sexual or physical abuse did not vary by orientation for females. Prevalence of pregnancy also did not vary by orientation (males, 18.6% gay/bisexual vs. 10.4% 'unsure' vs. 11.8% heterosexual; females, 25.0% lesbian/bisexual vs. 22.1% 'unsure' vs. 21.9% heterosexual). For lesbian/bisexual females, no variables were significantly associated with pregnancy history; for 'unsure' females, pregnancy was associated with contraceptive frequency and early onset of heterosexual activity. For heterosexual females, age, intercourse frequency, and physical abuse were associated. For gay/bisexual males, intercourse frequency, ineffective contraception, and physical abuse were associated with involvement in a pregnancy; for 'unsure' and heterosexual males, most items except ineffective contraception were related to pregnancy involvement history. CONCLUSIONS: Although prevalence of pregnancy is similar, findings show group differences in associated risk factors by sexual orientation. Interventions to reduce pregnancy among American Indian adolescents should include assessment of sexual orientation and behavioral risk factors.  (Abstract by: Author)

2777.   Saffouri, H. (1996). Comment - The Good Cause Exception to the Indian Child Welfare Act's Placement Preferences: The Minnesota Supreme Court Sets a Difficult (Impossible?) Standard - In re the Custody of S.E.G., 521 N.W.2d 357 (Minn. 1994). William Mitchell Law Review, 21(4), 1991.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)

2778.   Sagard-Theodat, G. (1969). Long Journey to the Country of the Hurons.  Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)

2779.   Sagatoo, M. (1994). Thirty-Three Years among the Indians: The Story of Mary Sagatoo.  Bigwater Publishing.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

2780.   Sager, D. (1996). An Unusual Eastern Grasslands Ojibway Shirt Type. American Indian Art Magazine, 22(1), 36.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)
Abstract: Suggests that by the 1870s the Ojibway of southwest Manitoba and northeast North Dakota were making a unique shirt type, which shared some of the features found in earlier European models but which also shared some decorative techniques of the upper Missouri River region.

2781.   Sahlins, M. (1976). Culture and practical reason. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Notes: Source: Midé bibliography compiled by Sára Kaiser (1997)

2782.   Sale, K. (1990). The conquest of paradise, Christopher Columbus and the Columbian legacy.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2783.   Salerno, N., & Vanderburgh, R. (1980). Shaman's Daughter. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Notes: Source: Women’s Resources International [University of Minnesota online database--Women, Race & Ethnicity Database], August 29, 1999 search
Abstract: According to critic Rayna Green, this story of an Ojibwa herbalist, basketmaker and community leader around the turn of the century is one of the best modern novels about American Indian women.

2784.   Sally Old Coyote. (1972). Indian Tales of the Northern Plains.  Council for Indian Education.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)

2785.   Salt, E. (1996). North Spirit - Travels Among the Cree and Ojibway Nations and Their Star Maps - Jiles,P. Library Journal.  121(18):98, 1996 Nov 1., 121(18), 98.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search

2786.   Salter, K. C. Friendship and assimilation of Indian children at an urban junior high school. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 19385319

2787.   Salzer, R. (1961). Central Algonkin Beadwork. American Indian Tradition, 7(5), 166-178.
Notes: Source: bibliography in Ritzenthaler and Ritzenthaler (1970)

2788.   Sammons, K. (1997). Making It Their Own - Severn Ojibwe Communicative Practices - Valentine, L. P. American Ethnologist, 24(2), 473-474.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999

2789.   Samuelson, P. A. (1967). Economics, an Introductory Analysis.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2790.   San Souci, R. D., & San Souci, D. Sootface: An Ojibwa Cinderella Story .
Notes: Source: InfoTrac [electronic database--Daemon@epub.med.iacnet.com]: Oct 1999 search [review]
Abstract: In this Ojibwa tale, Sootface is a young woman who does all the cooking, mending, and fire tending for her father and her two mean and lazy older sisters. When the mysterious invisible warrior announces through his sister that he will take for his bride a woman with a kind and honest heart, only Sootface proves worthy. The tale has been told before, even in picture-book format, but the San Souci version reads aloud well, and the watercolor artwork illustrates the story with quiet grace. A satisfying picture book for reading aloud or alone, and a good choice for classes studying Native Americans or comparative folklore.
Full Text COPYRIGHT American Library Association 1994

2791.   Sanders, K. J. (1996). Healing narratives: negotiating cultural subjectivities in Louise Erdrich's magic realism (Louise Erdrich, Ojibwa). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: To explore the culture and history of the Ojibwa people, Louise Erdrich focuses on how her characters' identities are formed and reformed in relation to their families, religions, and community. Throughout this exploration, she employs an illness/healing metaphor to examine the importance of knowledge, understanding, and acceptance in forming a healthy individual and community. For many of the characters, a crisis of identity and cultural connection helps them reach a clearer sense of subjectivity. For Erdrich, health comes with knowledge and acceptance, and she uses the Magic Realist mode to demonstrate the primacy of magic in the culture depicted, to reveal part of Ojibwa belief system that has been nearly forgotten, to show the interconnectedness of the individual's power to the strength of the community, and to create a reality reflective of the Ojibwa world view. Erdrich's interest in the interconnectedness of language, subjectivity, family, and culture make her fiction particularly amenable to Kristeva's psychoanalytic theories. Kristeva's theories posit identity as a social and linguistic construct, revealing her methodology to be especially appropriate for an analysis of Erdrich's Magic Realism. Magic Realism's dissolution of boundaries, its give and take between the concrete and the abstract, between the psychological and the physical make Magic Realist narratives ripe for psychoanalytic criticism. This study also incorporates anthropology, religious and cultural studies to create a methodology suitable for this multi-ethnic writer and literary mode. In the healing metaphor, language and storytelling exhibit a clear relationship to communal and personal health. Erdrich suggests that identity comes through a knowledge of one's culture and a connection to one's community; identity formation is propelled by a search for a family and communal connection. Searching for this connection, sometimes consciously, but oftentimes unconsciously, leads these characters to uncover a personal and communal, familial and cultural, past. Differing mythologies present contradictory messages of power and place for Erdrich's characters and thus illustrate the shifting nature of truth and identity. Erdrich's fiction adopts the Ojibwa connection between magic and nature by showing magic to be powerful when the shaman works for others but ineffectual without that familial/communal connection.

2792.   Sangwine, J. (1987). Self-help at Serpent River. The voice of Missahba. Beaver, 67(1), 46-49, ill.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2793.   Santora, D., & Starkey, P. (1982). Research Studies in American Indian Suicides. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 20, 25-29.
Notes: Source: Biomed (Cinahl) electronic database, Fall 1999 search.

2794.   Satterlee, M. P. (1863). The Indian massacre in Brown County, in August 1862.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23681094. Caption title. ... accession: 7962393

2795.   Satterlee, M. P. (1863). The massacre at the Redwood Indian Agency, on Monday, August 18, 1862.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23684131 ... accession: 7921438

2796.   Satz, R. N. (1994). Chippewa Treaty Rights: The Reserved Rights of Wisconsin's Chippewa Indians in Historical Perspective.  Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999
Source: InfoTrac [electronic database--Daemon@epub.med.iacnet.com]: Oct 1999 search [review]

2797.   Sawchuk, J. S. (1984). Metis politics and Metis politicians: a new political arena in Canada. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada).
Abstract: Contemporary native political organizations in Canada, particularly Metis organizations, are almost totally nontraditional in their organizational structure. Their structure is very much determined by the day-to-day aspects of administration and operation in a modern bureaucratic setting, and is also imposed from the outside by government regulations and the fact that since the mid-1960's, the operations of these organizations have largely been sustained by funding from the federal and provincial governments. This dissertation is concerned with the way in which these organizations are structured by government regulations and how they in turn structure relations between native peoples and the federal and provincial governments in Canada. One particular Metis organization is examined in detail as a political arena in which interest groups and individuals compete for the control of organizational resources, such as money in the form of grants from government and private granting agencies; specific programs such as land claims or economic development; personnel such as section heads and special consultants; technical knowledge, such as that possessed by a lawyer or constitutional expert, and many others. Control of these resources allows individuals within the organizations to determine the goals and directions of the organizations, and to secure and enhance their own positions either as elected politicians or employees. According to this analysis, the goals of the organization are continually changing, and are determined by whatever group or individual is in power at the time. Further, because the organization is so dependent on outside funding for its operations, the structure as well as the goals of the organization will change as the source of funding changes. Thus it is the nature of Metis leadership and its resultant power struggles, as well as government regulations and government funding, which are seen as the variables which ultimately determine the actions of Metis political organizations in Western Canada. These same factors can also be used to illustrate the changing roles and goals which have been associated with these organizations from the late 1920's to the early 1980's.

2798.   Scalberg, D. A. (1990). Religious life in New France under the Laval and Saint-Vallier Bishophrics: 1659-1727 (Laval Bisophric, Quebec Saint-Vallier Bishopric). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon.
Abstract: By the middle of the seventeenth century there existed three versions of religious culture in New France: those of the learned clergy, the ordinary settlers, and the Amerindians. The first two were transplanted from Europe, while the latter had already been a part of the American environment for centuries. The Christianity carried by the clergy to New France reflected the religious developments of metropolitan France. Characterized as devout and rigoristic, its foundation came from the Tridentine reforms of the previous century. But the settlers' Christianity, a rich mixture of the profane and the sacred, remained largely untouched by the post-Tridentine reforms. At best the settlers perceived clerical reform as a tolerable intrusion. Lay and learned culture at times conflicted and at times cooperated in the effort to establish French Catholicism in Canada.  Of course the conflict of cultures was common both to Old and New France; but a unique element was present in New France: the Canadian environment. Theoretically, it offered the clergy an opportunity to transplant Christianity in a land free from the religious conflicts of Europe. America also presented the French with an alien religious culture equally capable of challenging and enriching the peoples who encountered it. Influenced by the French annales and also by Canadian revisionist historians, this study considers religious behavior in the light of popular traditions and ecclesiastical policy and practice. The events in New France are properly understood in the context of a larger process unfolding throughout the whole of Catholic Europe. This dissertation devotes considerable attention to colonial lay piety and lay reactions to resurgent Catholicism, since this is necessary to any understanding of the priests' role as agents of change. Knowing which elements of Tridentine Catholicism attracted the laity in New France and which elements laymen resisted affords us a much firmer grasp on the relationship between priests and parishioners. All indications are that the colonists saw themselves as practicing Catholics. The limitations of the church in New France in the vast territory it administered prevented the priests and missionaries from forming a New Jerusalem in the New World.

2799.   Scantlebury, T., 1834-1864. (1867). Wanderings in Minnesota during the Indian troubles of 1862. Chicago: F.C.S. Calhoun.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 25277880. Title from cover. "Also reprinted in New Auburn herald for 1909 and 1910."  Cover-title. Manuscript corrections in the text. References: Storm, Catalogue of the Everett D. Graff Collection, no. 3690. References: Howes, U.S.IANA, no. S.138.

2800.   Scarfe, D. R. (1992). Student perceptions of elements of peer group support in the Saskatchewan Urban Native Teacher Education Program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Regina (Canada).
Abstract: Senior students and graduates of the SUNTEP (Regina) program indicated the following categories of events contributed to the development of a supportive group: elements of program structure and delivery, opportunities for interaction, features that strengthen Indian/Metis identity, and components intended to build interpersonal and group skills. Elements intended to strengthen Indian/Metis identity (the cultural component of the program) and aspects of program structure and delivery received significantly higher ratings than the other categories. In the remaining sections, respondents attributed a strong influence to the cultural component and to personal friendship and support in building a supportive group. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

2801.   Schara, R. (1993 January). [interview with Indian DNR commissioner]. Star Tribune.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2802.   Schenck, T. (1994). Identifying the Ojibwa. Papers, Algonquian Conference, 25, 395-405.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2803.   Schenck, T. M. (1997). The Voice of the Crane Echoes Afar: The Sociopolitical Organization of the Lake Superior Ojibwa.  Garland Publishing, Incorporated.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

2804.   Schenck, T. M. (1996). Continuity and change in the sociopolitcal organization of the Lake Superior Ojibwa (Native Americans). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rutgers//The State University of New Jersey//New Brunswick.
Abstract: This study demonstrates that the sociopolitical organization of the Lake Superior Ojibwa remained essentially unchanged from the period of their earliest contact with Europeans until the establishment of reservations by the Treaty of 1854. The Ojibwa are identified as originally the Crane totem of the Upper Great Lakes Algonquians. Using linguistic and documentary sources as well as recorded oral traditions, the process by which numerous other patrilineal totemic groups or clans joined the Ojibwa is explained. The Ojibwa totem, long misinterpreted by some observers as a personal or guiding spirit, is shown to be nothing more than the village name or mark. The patrilineal totemic band remained the basic unit of Ojibwa society throughout the pre-reservation period. The sociopolitical organization of these bands is described and leadership within this organization is investigated. The myth of the existence of large multi-clan villages in prehistoric or early historic times is contradicted, as is the legend of a once-powerful chief of all the Ojibwa. The role of the fur trade in maintaining the traditional Ojibwa culture is also discussed.

2805.   Schlesier, K. H. (1990). Rethinking the Midewiwin and the Plains Ceremonial Called the Sun Dance. Plains Anthropologist, 35(127), 1.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)

2806.   Schlick, M. D. (1983). Ojibwa/Chippewa basketry: a search for basketmakers. American Indian Basketry Magazine, 3(3), 15-18, ill.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXIX (1986:101)
Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

2807.   Schmalz, P. S. (1990). The Ojibwa of southern Ontario.  University of Toronto Press.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

2808.   Schmalz, P. S. (1986). The Ojibwa of southern Ontario. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Waterloo (Canada).
Abstract: This dissertation is intended to illustrate the rise and fall of the southern Ontario Ojibwa through three periods involving the French, English and Canadian governments, respectively. Because of the chronological scope of the topic, there is no claim to this monograph being a definitive work. Indeed, it is a starting point which will hopefully stimulate further scholarship in the field. Very little historical work has been dedicated to this ethnic group which forms the largest Indian tribe in the province. Much of what little there has been published on the topic is riddled with ethnocentric misconceptions of the role played by the Ojibwa in the broad colonial struggle for North America, as well as their relationships with the European soldiers, fur traders, missionaries and settlers. A conscientious attempt has been made in this treatise to expose the Ojibwa perspective through the liberal use of oral tradition. The introduction briefly examines the etymological labyrinth involved in the classification of those people who have been defined as 'Ojibwa' and gives a short explanation of their cultural and religious motivation. The first three chapters, involving 'The Conquest', 'The Golden Age' and 'The Beaver War', deal with the Ojibwas as successful warriors, fur traders and especially diplomats during their time of ascendancy. An attempt is made to prove that the Ojibwas were the first to defeat the Iroquois and had control over the great\Lakes Region during most of the eighteenth century. The fourth chapter, 'The Peaceful Conquest', explains how the Ojibwas lost their power as a result of accepting the United Empire Loyalists into the province. Disease, liquor and wars against the United States were related factors in their decline. The following three chapters, 'The Surrenders', 'Early Reserves' and 'Reserve Stagnation' demonstrate the government's gross mismanagement of their lands and reserves. The conclusions and summary briefly indicate the contemporary status of the Ojibwa reserves and point to areas of study that are necessary before a definitive work on the topic can be written. The appendix, 'Education', examines the weaknesses of the assimilationist policy established for the Ojibwa children and gives some hope for the future in an Ojibwa renaissance if they are treated as 'citizens plus' and are permitted to control their own education.

2809.   Schmickle, S., & Buoen, R. (1986 January). Indian Courts, islands of injustice. Star Tribune.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

2810.   Schneider, M. J. (1994). North Dakota Indians: An Introduction.  Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

2811.   Schoenfuhs, W. P. (1955). An Indian venture : the history of Missouri Synod Indian missions in Michigan and Minnesota, 1840-1868. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo. 
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 16865398

2812.   Schoolcraft, H. R. R. (1848). The Indian in his Wigwam, or, Characteristics of the red race of America from original notes and manuscripts.  Buffalo//New York: Derby & Hewson//W.H. Graham.
Notes: cited by Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)
Originally issued in eight numbers, with paper covers bearing title Oneota, or The red race of America ....The first four numbers were published in 1844, the last four in 1845. Reissued in one volume in 1845, under title: Oneota, or Characteristics of the red race of Americaa ...; in 1847, under title: The red race of America...; in 1848, under title: The Indian in his wigwam...; in 1850 and 1851, under title: The American Indians ...; in 1853, under title: Western scenes and reminiscences... cf. Sabin, Bibl. amer. Master microform held by: LrI. Microfiche. Chicago, Ill. : Library Resources, 1970. 1 microfiche ; 8 x 13 cm.  (Library of American civilization ; LAC 15091).

2813.   Schoolcraft, H. R., 1793-1864. (1834). Narrative of an expedition through the upper Mississippi to Itasca lake, the actual source of this river; embracing an exploratory trip through the St. Croix and Burntwood (or Broule) rivers: in 1832. New York: Harper.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 6806341

2814.   Schoor, G. (1958). The Jim Thorpe Story: America's Greatest Athlete. New YHork: Jullian Messner.
Notes: cited in: Minnesota Chippewa Indians: a handbook for teachers (1967:92), "Annotated list of selected teaching materials"
Abstract: "The life story of Jim Thorpe, descendant of the famed Indian Chief, Black Hawk.  Thorpe was a famous all-American athlete.  Grades 5 and up."

2815.   Schotte, F. (1979). Native education in northwestern Ontario: the Ontario Northern Corps and formal schooling in isolated Ojibway communities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada).

2816.   Schuiling, W. J., 1953- . (1990). The Minnesota Chippewa : their fall and rise in self-determination . Bemidji, Minn.  Schuiling.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 25172899

2817.   Schultz, L. A. (1991). Fragments and Ojibwe Stories: Narrative Strategies in Louise Erdich's Love Medicine. College Literature, 18(3), 80.
Notes: Source: UnCover database (Aug 1999)

2818.   Schwandt, M., b. 1848. (1975). The captivity of Mary Schwandt . Fairfield, Wash.  Ye Galleon Press.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 1991123. Originally appeared in Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, v. 6, p. 461-474, St. Paul, 1894, under title: The story of Mary Schwandt. Three hundred copies printed. No. 56. Alt Title: Story of Mary Schwandt

2819.   Schwandt, M., b. 1848.  (1894). The story of Mary Schwandt. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, 6, 461-474.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 1991123

2820.   . (1951). Science Museum, St. PaulThe Dakota bark house : pictured by Fr. Louis Hennepin, Seth Eastman, J. Dallas, Robert O. Sweeny . St. Paul : Science Museum.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 4425059. Other: Hennepin, Louis, 17th century. Eastman, Seth, 1808-1875. Dallas, J. Sweeny, Robert Ormsby, 1831-

2821.   . (1955). Science Museum, St. PaulPipes and pipestone . St. Paul : Science Museum.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 4425099. Bibliography: p.[4] of folder.

2822.   . (1957). Science Museum, St. PaulRise of civilizations . St. Paul : Science Museum.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 4425236

2823.   . (1953). Science Museum, St. PaulA Study of Indian beadwork of the north central plains . St. Paul : Science Museum.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 4425194

2824.   Scollon, R. (1979). 236 years of variability in Chipewyan consonants. International Journal of American Linguistics, 45(4), 332-342.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXV (1982:111)

2825.   Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. B. K. (1979). Linguistic convergence: an ethnography of speaking at Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. New York: Academic Press.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXV (1982:111)

2826.   Scott, E. M. (1991). 'Such diet as befitted his station as a clerk': the archaeology of subsistence and cultural diversity at Fort Michilimackinac, 1761-1781 (Michigan). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.
Abstract: This historical archaeological study examines a culturally and geographically unique community. The settlement at Fort Michilimackinac, centered on the fur trade during both French (1715-1761) and British (1761-1781) colonial regimes, was located on the frontier of North America in what is now northern Michigan. Its largest and most culturally diverse population resided there between 1761 and 1781, the time span examined here. Three factors combine to set Michilimackinac apart from the majority of North American colonial communities that have been studied: its geographic isolation, its cultural heterogeneity, and the fact that after 1761 the settlement there was not only colonial, but a conquered colonial community. This study focuses on the daily lives of men and women of different ethnic and socioeconomic groups at Michilimackinac, looking especially at the ways in which those lives were shaped by a distinctive subsistence system. Framed by historical materialist and feminist theories, the study analyzes both the archaeological and documentary records for this past community. I examine subsistence in its cultural context, hoping to illustrate how socio-economic position, ethnicity, and gender were related to subsistence practices and beliefs. Also central to this research is the degree to which the physical setting of the frontier and the cultural setting of conquest and colonization may have muted or accentuated ethnic and socioeconomic differences between groups in the community. Most ethnic variations in the material culture used by the French Canadian, metis, and British colonists at Michilimackinac are muted because of the predominance of British-manufactured goods imported to the community. Subsistence-related material culture was used to accentuate socio-economic differences, however. Food consumption varied within the community according to socio-economic position and ethnicity. The subsistence activities that took place differed also, by gender, socio-economic position, ethnicity, and race. Thus, the subsistence system both reflected and reinforced social and economic relations in the setting of secondary colonization at Michilimackinac.

2827.   Scozzari, R., Cruciani, F., Santolamazza, P., Sellitto, D., Cole, D. E. C., Rubin, L. A., Labuda, D., Marini, E., Succa, V., Vona, G., & Torroni, A. (1997). mtDNA and Y Chromosome-Specific Polymorphisms in Modern Ojibwa - Implications About the Origin of Their Gene Pool. American Journal of Human Genetics, 60(1), 241-244.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999

2828.   Seargeant, L. E., Chudley, A. E., Dilling, L. A., Mallory, C. J., & Haworth, J. C. (1992). Carrier Detection in Glutaric Aciduria Type I Using Interleukin-2-Dependent Cultured Lymphocytes. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 15(5), 733-737.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: Cultured interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent leukocytes from 13 patients with glutaric aciduria type I, 12 obligate carriers, 105 family members and 31 normal controls were assayed for glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity.  Of the 13 affected patients, 10 (all Ojibway Indian) had residual enzyme activity (2-13% of control) and 3 patients (all non-Indian) had undetectable enzyme activity.  There was partial overlap between the distribution of enzyme activity in obligate heterozygotes and in normal controls (mean values.+-.  SD: 6.29.+-.  0.94 and 10.75.+-.  2.58 nmol/h per mg protein respectively).  Using an arbitrary cutoff level of < 7 nmol/h per mg protein as presumptive evidence of carrier status, the observed frequency of carriers did not differ significantly from that expected from their a priori risk of carrier status.  Thirteen per cent of the family members had inconclusive status (activity between 7 and 8.5 nmol/h per mg proten).  The method appears suitable for carrier detection, although definitive carrier assignment awaits identification of the mutation(s) responsible for glutaric aciduria type I.

2829.   Searles, I. S. (1900). Legend of the moccasin flower : an old Indian legend .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 12391242

2830.   Searls, A. W. (1949). Indian village. St. Paul?
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 25450719.  Title from caption.

2831.   Sedgwick, D. (1998). Ford pushes minority supplier to go global. (Ford Motor Co. urges Cyntelle Tool to supply plants overseas). Automotive News, (5751), 121 (1).
Notes: Source: InfoTrac [electronic database--Daemon@epub.med.iacnet.com]: Oct 1999 search
Abstract: Cyntelle Tool, a manufacturer of de-burring machines, is expanding its operations overseas at the urging of Ford Motor Co. The company, which is owned by Kenneth Jones, a Chippewa Indian, has been asked by Ford to supply its plants in countries such as Portugal, Brazil and Mexico. Ford's transmission plant in Livonia, Mi, is Cytnelle's largest customer. Ford is in the process of finding a European partner for Cyntelle in Europe.

2832.   Seidel, S. (1997). Silent witness. (campaign finance investigation of Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt). Washington Monthly, 29(12), 8 (2).
Notes: Source: InfoTrac [electronic database--Daemon@epub.med.iacnet.com]: Oct 1999 search
Abstract: A decision by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to deny three Chippewa tribes land to build a casino is considered the most blatant example of influence peddling to come out of the campaign finance investigations. How the inquiry was mishandled by congress is examined.

2833.   Sergi, J. L. (1994). Narrativity and representation in Louise Erdrich's fiction (Erdrich Louise, Indians). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Rhode Island.
Abstract: This is a study of Louise Erdrich's cycle of novels, which includes Love Medicine, The Beet Queen, and Tracks, the first three in a planned quartet. The narrative architecture of the trilogy mingles history and contemporary events in the communal and Native act of storytelling. Erdrich draws on Chippewa tradition, the repetition and doubling back, the cyclical (rather than sequential) nature of the events, the strength of oral storytelling, the incidents, images, and characters that are repeated to reflect the repetition characteristic of oral tradition. Ties to landscape, community, and storytelling inform Erdrich's vision of identity. This is made clear to readers because of recurring images that cross over all three novels; these images allow readers to make community connections and establish patterns of relationships. The intertextual relationship of the three novels also forces readers to make connections between story fragments and the idiosyncratic nature of narrative point of view; readers must fill in gaps, connect people to events and to each other. As readers we are made to experience 'truth' as a pluralistic narrative, a product of histories and cultures and personalities so interwoven that 'the story' of one always contains 'the story' of another. This underscores the notion that any organized narrative is false. Because there is no absolute authority nor authorial attachment, there is no pretension of knowing truths. There exist different concepts of truth at different places and moments in Erdrich's trilogy (as well as in history). She makes historical interventions by dealing with contemporary problems of American Indians as well as record historical information important to a living tradition. For Erdrich, her readers, and her characters, the integration of memory, history, culture, story--sets up all kinds of creative possibilities, including challenging the relationship between the writing and readers. The circularity and fragmentation of Erdrich's narrative structure parallels the indirect, piecemeal remembering of the characters and also of readers trying to piece together the events, the relationships, and the chronology of the three novels. Erdrich's narrative strategy forces readers to see family and community narrative and history from multiple perspectives and to recognize that each version depends as much on the needs of the narrator and the listener(s) as on the historical 'facts'. The lack of a single definitive account challenges readers to examine their own responses to the drama and the circumstances surrounding the landscape of the North Dakota borderland.

2834.   Serrano, L. M. (1992). A study of post secondary enrollment options for Saint Paul high school students with emphasis on minority students' participation (postsecondary, Minnesota). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.
Abstract: This study investigated the student participation in Saint Paul Public School District #625 in the Post Secondary Enrollment Options Program (PSEO). The PSEO is provided by law by the state of Minnesota for high school juniors and seniors since 1985. Although five subproblems were investigated in this study, the focus was on the following: To identify the factors related to minority students' participation in the Post Secondary Enrollment Options Program and explore how those factors relate to minority students' engagement with the schooling process. Part I of this study consists of an overall survey administered to 94 of the 365 PSEO participants identified by the high school counselors in Saint Paul Public School district #625 during the Spring of 1991. The survey data serve primarily as a contextual framework for the second part of this study. Part II is the major focus of this study which addresses subproblem 2 dealing with minority student participation in PSEO in Saint Paul Public School District #625 during the Spring of 1991. Twenty-six minority students opted to participate in the interview part of this study. Two American Indian, 5 Hispanic-American, 6 African-American, and 13 Asian-American students were interviewed. This study found that PSEO participants (both majority and minority) in Saint Paul Schools are most likely to be females. The minority PSEO participants are students who experienced academic success early in their schooling process. Parental and teacher support early in the schooling process played a major role in these students' adjustment to school life. Most of these students are academically above average as evidenced by