Ojibwe Bibliography – part 3

[01-19-04]

 

 

            1130.    Enmengahbowh = (John Johnson). (1904). En-me-gah-bowh's story; an account of the disturbances of the Chippewa Indians at Gull Lake in1 857, and their removal in 1868. Minneapolis: Women's Auxiliary, St. Barnabas Hospital.
Notes: Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:45)

1131.   [Enrolled Members, Red Lake Anishinabe Ojibway Nation], & Sho-ne-ah-wub = (a.k.a. Francis Blake, Jr. (1988). Dear Mr. Giago: In a page-one article of your February 11, 1987 issue, Mr. Frank Whitaker reported on the Alliance for American Indian Leaders (AAIL) ... Ojibwe News.
Abstract: February 24, 1987
Red Lake, MN 56671
Mr. Tim Giago
Editor and Owner, Lakota Times
Martin, South Dakota 57551

Dear Mr. Giago,
In a page-one article of your February 11, 1987 issue, Mr. Frank Whitaker reported on the Alliance for American Indian Leaders (AAIL).  The issues discussed affect the people of the Red Lake Indian Reservation deeply—and the implications of your article should be clarified.
Reading between the lines of some mighty fine-sounding rhetoric, it seems as though the leadership of AAIL is defending the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  This is only to be expected, since these gentlemen are (albeit indirectly) paid by the B.I.A., and their “unique” status as “Indian leaders” depends on the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
As has been highlighted by recent media reports, American Indian Nations appear to be caught on the horns of a dilemma, torn between the Hobson’s choices of:
(1) Ongoing dictatorial (indirect) control by the B.I.A., and even intensification and re-entrenchment of the B.I.A.’s power, or:
(2) Takeover (even on the Red Lake Indian Reservation, which is legally exempt from Public Law 280) of our beleaguered native Nations by State and County encroachment.  This is effectively the “termination” specter of the 1950’s all over again: legislating us out of existence.
In Indian country across the continent, there has been strong community involvement toward economic development.  Indian community economic independence from the Federal (and State and County) Government; this would mean that we are no longer at the beck and call of bureaucrats in the dominant society.  Community owned and controlled economic development would also provide us with the means to regain traditional sovereignty and community-centered self-government.  Obviously, Red Lake Indian traditional self-government and self-sufficiency would mean that many parasitic bureaucrats (B.I.A., “Tribal,” and other) would no longer have their plush jobs, kickbacks and slush funds.
It should thus be apparent that this “dilemma” is a red-herring issue; and furthermore that the B.I.A. is using this issue as a means to intensify division in Indian communities.  “Divide and Conquer” is an old tactic.  We in Red Lake have had 98 years too much of it.
As is to be expected from a consummate politician, Roger Jourdain and his AAIL associates (backed by the B.I.A. “good ol’ boy” network) have uttered some rousing platitudes.  All they need is a ticker-tape parade and a 21-gun salute (and maybe a few statutes).  Unfortunately, a critical look at the AAIL platform reveals some gaping holes through which our people could fall into oblivion.  Roger Jourdain, who has been “chosen” as our leader by the B.I.A., has little stature compared to our traditional chiefs who signed the treaties.
•The AAIL met, according to the Lakota Times article, in the Hilton Hotel.  The old chiefs wouldn’t be eating steaks while their people eat commodities (= rations).  They would be sure that their people were fed.  There is 90% unemployment on this reservation, and our children are malnourished.
•The AAIL says that their “goal is nothing less than the recognition by Washington and other world governments of the constitutional rights ...”  But, whose constitution?  The 1934 Indian Reorganization Act boilerplate “Tribal Constitutions” were forced on the Indian people without their informed consent.  Or, are they talking about the U.S.A. Constitution—the constitution of an occupying nation.  Both constitutions are racist, and both constitutions deny Indian nations traditional sovereignty and self-government.
• Point one of the AAIL’s “1987 Campaign on Constitutional Rights” calls for Congressional Committee hearings on the “UNIQUE sovereign status of Indian nations.”  This = “domestic dependent nations” = indirect rule minus self-government = “constitutionally” abolishing traditional sovereign Indian governments and nations.  It is unclear exactly how this relates to “treaty rights,” since the Rad Lake Indian Nation signed the Treaties as a traditional sovereign nation, and (Roger Jourdain and the B.I.A. notwithstanding) remains such.
•The AAIL does not specify what they mean by “correct constitutional relationship of the federal government to Indian tribes,” but past experience gives us reason to believe that what it probably means is bringing P.L. 280 through the “back door” of Red Lake Reservation (e.g. phasing out the Indian Health Service, present administration of our schools by the State of Minnesota [ranked lower in academic achievement than any school in the state], and, worst of all, phasing out any vestige of independence in the law enforcement system.)  And then, where is our traditional sovereignty, and where are our rights as a traditional sovereign nation guaranteed by the Treaties?
•AAIL urges a “congressional seat for a non-voting Native American Indian representative to be elected by (which?) members of Indian tribes.”  This has a nice sound to it—but under AAIL leadership and/or the present system, the proposed representative will be an appointed B.I.A. yes-man.  Furthermore, this is blatantly giving away our claims to traditional sovereignty.  What does a non-dependent, fully traditionally sovereign Indian nation with self-government want with a small fraction of a non-voting member of the U.S.A. Congress?  (They never said anything about this in the Treaties—the emphasis was on “perpetual peace and friendship” between equal nations.  Besides which, if we had a solid economic base (as we should), the Red Lake Indian people could afford to send several observers (= non-voting member) to Congress.  We could even afford to follow the Capitalist Ethic, and buy ourselves a couple of Senators—like the corporations that are after our resources do.
•AAIL recommends “election of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to the presidential cabinet level.”  There is a saying in Indian Country about the “fox guarding the chicken coop.”  This plank of the AAIL platform sounds like the “Tribal” chairmen are speaking for the B.I.A. again.  We all know about the old B.I.A. headlock, “do as we tell you, or we’ll cut off your funding” (= “unique relationship”).  A traditional sovereign Indian nation doesn’t need a B.I.A., cabinet-level or otherwise.
•Roger Jourdain is quoted as saying some other strange things, for example, “upholding oral history ... legally.”  Does this mean that the B.I.A. gets to legislate, and thus censor, our oral history?  Roger has given away too many of our treaty rights already, whether out of self-aggrandizement, lining his own pockets, or perhaps ignorance.  (Our traditional Indian chiefs left community elders in charge of oral history, and didn’t need to buy followers.  Without cold, hard B.I.A. cash, how many followers would the Red Lake “Tribal Chairman” have?)
•AAIL is apparently launching an expensive (whose money?) campaign of P.R. and mass-mailings.  If this money were ethically used, instead, it would be spent on addressing the problems faced by the people: urgent need for community owned and controlled economic development on the Red Lake Reservation; improving the educational system which is destroying so many of our most precious resource, our children (who have been taught by non-Indians with disastrous results over the past 97 years); dealing with the root causes of the alcoholism, drug addiction, malnutrition, and suicide which are devastating our community; resolving—at the causal level—the health problems on Red Lake Reservation including epidemic stages of diabetes ... protecting our remaining forest, timber, fish and watershed, and wildlife habitat from the depredations of the surrounding Whites ... the list of extremely pressing problems inflicted on our nation and our people under U.S. B.I.A. (and “tribal council” administration is a depressingly long one.
Instead of helping his people, the Red Lake “Tribal Chairman” is playing dead-end politics with AAIL and devoting his energy to lobbying for an “Indian holiday.”  We wonder if he realizes that the White man’s holidays are generally named after dead people, or if perhaps his attention in this direction reflects the Bureau’s alcoholic leadership that will lead to our annihilation: “legislating” us out of existence (the International Convention calls this “genocide,” but in Chairman Jourdain’s case perhaps there’s “fratricide”).  For the Red Lake Indian people, one whole season named after us is good enough—we have Indian Summer.
After 98 years we need to put a moratorium on greed, corruption, graft, ruthless plunder of our resources, ... to a long list of man-made problems created by 98 years of the B.I.A. “helping us.”  We need to free ourselves from our (B.I.A. “recognized”) centralized and self-serving B.I.A.-controlled government, and return to our traditional council of chiefs dependent on the consensus of the community.  We need to return to the self-government, autonomy, and status as a traditional sovereign nation guaranteed us by the Treaties.  We need to provide a solid economic base (rather than the corporate-controlled “economic development” recommended by that apparent scoundrel Ross Swimmer) for our people.  We need to address the social and community problems inflicted on us by nearly a century of colonial occupation by the U.S. Government at the cause, rather than providing jobs for a B.I.A. elite (none of whom are descended from our ancestors who signed the Red Lake Treaties) and financing band-aid social service programs out of our trust funds.
We also need a cease-and-desist injunction against  the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, various multinational corporations, certain “Christian” institutions, and other government agencies.   The time is, indeed, long overdue for international (and U.S.A.) recognition of the Red Lake Anishinabe Ojibwe Nation as a traditional sovereign Indian nation.
We have been at the bottom of the heap for so long, we have nowhere to go but up.
You can fool some of the people, some of the time, but after 30 years, you can’t fool us.
We believe that since the Lakota Times has given ample space to the platform of the AAIL, we deserve equal consideration.
Thank you and mee gwitch.
            Sincerely,
[jointly signed by several persons, names omitted
 in present publication due to concerns about
 retaliation against signer’s family members]
Enrolled Members
Red Lake Anishinabe Ojibway Nation
Descendants of the signers of the 1889 Ratification of the 1863 Treaty

1132.   Ens, G. J. (1990). Kinship, ethnicity, class and the Red River Metis: the parishes of St. Francois Xavier and St. Andrew's (St. Francois Xavier Parish, St. Andrew's Parish). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada).
Abstract: The focus of this study the role of economic forces in the evolution of metis identity, ethnic differentiation, and class divisions the Red River Settlement. During the period studied (1835-1890), Red River metis society and economy underwent a fundamental transition as capitalism began to transform the region. The emergence of new economic opportunities in the 1840s acted as a centrifuge as communities and individuals increasingly were forced to make decisions of whether to participate in the commercial-capitalist fur trade (particularly the buffalo-robe trade), or to continue their peasant-subsistence mode of production (farming and hunting). The choice was made all the more decisive by the withdrawal of the buffalo westward. The parishes of St. Francois Xavier and St. Andrew's were representative of the different patterns of adaptation. The adaptation of some metis to the new opportunities in the capitalistic fur trade, effected a transformation of their family economy. Production of buffalo robes for market and profit, rather than subsistence, entailed a proto-industrialization of the metis family economy. This development had implications for metis family formation and fertility. These new economic opportunities and activities not only split the metis along occupational lines, but began to bifurcate metis society along economic or class lines. Social and economic divisions within metis society became much more distinct in the 1850s and 1860s. There arose an identifiable metis bourgeoisie or merchant class which employed large numbers of metis as labourers. With this, and as the HBC increasingly hired metis labourers for its boat and cart brigades, a metis labouring class emerged. That there was a clear absence of identity between metis groups can be seen in the Riel Resistance of 1869-70. This complex political event can neither be seen as a national uprising of the metis, nor a racial civil war. It had economic aspects that pitted French metis against French metis, while allying some groups of English and French metis. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

1133.   Episcopal Church. (1872). A Month among the Indian missions and agencies on the Missouri River, and in Minnesota and Wisconsin. New York : American Church Press Co.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23683046 ... accession: 20471714 ... accession: 7267758

1134.   Erickson, L. (1998). At the cultural and religious crossroads: Sara Riel and the Grey Nuns in the Canadian northwest, 1848-1883. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada).
Abstract: Sara Riel has been overshadowed by the attention paid to her famous brother, Louis. Yet, a study of her life provides great insight into aspects of the western Canadian past. Her experiences as a Metis Grey Nun and missionary were shaped by complex factors of race, gender, class, and religion. This study also contributes to our understanding of women's, specifically the Grey Nuns', contributions to the development of the West. The Grey Nuns staffed the Catholic missions of the West and provided essential social services such as health care and education. By accepting Metis, Mixed-blood and Aboriginal women, like Sara Riel, into their order, they demonstrated an ability to adapt to western society and to overcome racial boundaries. In particular, this study of a Metis woman missionary, sent to serve but also transform Native society, challenges simple models of missionaries as 'conquerors,' Catholic sisterhoods as auxiliaries, and Natives as victims.

1135.   Ernst. (1958 August). [Letter to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, re 'Proposed Election Order for Adoption or Rejection of Proposed Tribal Constitution and Bylaws Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians Minnesota'].
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995):
There is attached for your consideration and signature a proposed letter authorizing the Superintendent of the Minnesota Agency to conduct an election to permit the adult Indians of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians to vote on the adoption or rejection of the proposed tribal constitution and bylaws enclosed with the letter.  You will recall that in January of this year we asked the Secretary of the Interior to intervene in the matter of determining which of two General Councils within the Band (both of which claimed to be duly constituted in accordance with the Band's 1918 tribal constitution under a hereditary chieftain [sic] system) should be given official recognition by the Federal Government as representing the Band.  In response to our problem, the Secretary appointed a three-member special committee to study the matter.  This committee recommended in its memorandum of March 5, 1958, that six specific steps be taken toward the reconstitution of a tribal government.  The sixth step is now at hand, namely, the matter of the adoption of a new constitution and bylaws which will provide for an orderly government.  The Red Lake people, although they adopted [sic] the Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. 984) in an election held on November 17, 1934, have an intense feeling against organization under the provisions of that act.  The tribal members since the days of the Allotment Act have been fierce in their feeling against alienation of any lands within the Red Lake Reservation.  Tribal history indicates the only reason the Red Lake people accepted the application of the Indian Reorganization Act to their reservation was because Section 1 of that Act specifically prohibits further allotment of reservation lands.  Previous efforts to organize the Band under the Indian Reorganization Act have failed, the last being in 1946 which failed by a narrow margin.  In the current effort, the Red Lake people again voiced their opposition to organization under the Indian Reorganization Act.  An attempt, therefore, was made to offer them a proposed form of constitution outside the provisions of this Act.  The Assistant Solicitor on reviewing the proposed draft constitution  submitted by the Tribal Constitutional Committee held on July 18, 1858, that it is not possible for a tribe which has accepted the Indian Reorganization Act to amend a former constitution, from which recognition has been withdrawn, without complying with established legal criterion for obtaining the Secretary's approval of a new organic document.  In view of the strong tribal feeling, the proposed constitution and bylaws now before you, although it contains all the requirements of an IRA-document, dare not directly refer to that act if we are to obtain tribal acceptance of the proposed document.  We recommend, therefore, that the proposed election order receive your early favorable consideration.  We have been advised during this past week by the Area Director and the tribal constitutional committee of the urgent need to call this election as soon as possible for the presentation of the proposed document to the people.

1136.   Esbensen, B. J. (1988). The Star Maiden: An Ojibway Tale.  Little, Brown.
Notes: Source: Women's Resources International, New Books On Women & Feminism [University of Minnesota onlinedatabases], August 1999 search

1137.   Escholz, P. A., Rosa, A., & Clark, V. Language Awareness.  1974.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)
[quotation from Thomas Szasz]

1138.   . (1979). A. Everwind, & K. SalterReminiscences of Alex Everwind, Red Lake band of Chippewa, Minnesota .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 22906304

1139.   Ewers, J. C. (1974). Ethnological report on the Chippewa Cree tribe of the Rock Boy reservation, Montana, and the Little Shell band of Indians. in D. A. Horr (editor and compiler), Chippewa Indians VI . New York: Garland Press.
Notes: Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:45-6), "the Garland series reprints many valuabe and often otherwise unobtainable studies.  Pagination used here is that proved by Garland.  David Horr's introductions are well worth the reader's attention."

1140.   Ewers, J. C. (1966). Howard, J. H.  The Plains-Ojibwa or Bungi: hunters and warriors of the Northern Prairies with special reference to the Turtle Mountain band [book review]. American Anthropologist, 68(2 (part I)), 562.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XII (1968:89)

1141.   Ewers, J. C. Plains Indian Painting: A Description of Aboriginal American Art.  A M S Press, Incorporated.
Notes: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

1142.   . (1979). E. C. Fairbanks, & C. KelseyReminiscences of Evangeline Critts Fairbanks, White Earth band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 23017525

1143.   Fanany, I. (1991). Teacher-student interaction in the classroom: is race related to clarity and kinetic structure? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University.
Notes: This research was designed to study the linguistic content of interactions between teachers and students of various races in the first grade and to identify possible reasons for widely noted racial discrepancies in academic achievement, most notably the low achievement of blacks and Native Americans as compared to whites. The study sample consisted of 263 white, black, and Native American children from 12 first grade classes in four schools and    three districts in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, Metropolitan Area. Intact classes were used where the school principals and classroom teachers were willing to participate and where white and minority students were present. Reading lessons were recorded and transcribed. The number of vagueness terms/minute and the number of mazes/minute were used to measure lesson clarity. Kinetic structure, a measure of lesson organization, was also assessed. All variables were specified at the individual student level and reflect                              verbal interactions between teachers and students in one-to-one instructional settings. It was hypothesized that black and Native American students would receive lessons that are significantly less clear and less structured than those received by whites. Analysis of                              variance results showed that minority students (black and NativeAmerican students taken together) and Native American students received lessons that were significantly less clear with respect to mazes/minute and significantly less structured when compared to whites. No significant differences in clarity or structure were found between blacks and whites. Additionally, no significant differences in clarity with respect to vagueness terms/minute were found. This study shows that teacher clarity and kinetic structure are, in some cases, related to student race. Further research is indicated to determine if other student characteristics influence teachers' verbal behavior. The findings that differences in clarity and kinetic structure occurred for Native American students but not for blacks while the achievement of both groups has been noted to be significantly lower than that of whites suggest that it would be useful to study minority groups separately in order to identify unique factors that contribute to each group's low achievement.

1144.   . (1963). P. FarbEcology  . New York: Time, Inc.
Notes: Source: bibliography in Ritzenthaler and Ritzenthaler (1970)

1145.   Farkas, C. S. (1985). Nutrition education planning for native Canadians: an application of the ethnography of speaking. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada).
Abstract: This study was concerned with identifying factors which impede nutrition education communication between Euro-Canadian nutrition educators and Ojibwa or Cree clients or audiences, with special attention being given to nutrition education in urban settings. Differences between Euro-Canadian and native Canadian communication patterns and structures of reasoning were investigated as being major factors influencing the process and outcome of nutrition education encounters. Structures of reasoning are defined in this work as epistemology or basic patterns of cognition, preception, behavior and causal explanation. The means used to collect information on these differences included: (1) Applying information obtained from sociolinguistic and native studies literature to Native/non-Native nutrition education interaction. (2) Applying this information to the development of a method to obtain information from Euro-Canadian nutrition educators and Native Canadians on selected aspects of structures of reasoning considered by the author as being important for an understanding of how structures of reasoning differences could impede nutrition education interaction. To obtain this information an adapted projective technique method was devised. This method consisted of six posters showing Native and non-Native semi-cartoon characters in food related situations, and narratives and queries about the poster which were coded with specific concepts related to structures of reasoning. These concepts, considered by the author to be important for nutrition education interactions, were cause and effect relationships between food and health; classification of foods; body image as a cultural norm; locus of control beliefs; and orientation to nutritional knowledge. The posters were shown to Native Canadians in groups and individual Euro-Canadian nutrition educators in Toronto. The findings of this study indicate that the standard approach used by nutrition educators may not be effective with Ojibwa and Cree clients or audiences. This is due to differences in Euro-Canadian and Ojibwa-Cree patterns of discourse and teaching and learning styles, and to a lesser degree, due to differences between Euro-Canadian and Native Canadian structures of reasoning.

1146.   Farlow, E. J. (1998). Wind River Adventure: My Life in Frontier Wyoming.  High Plains Press.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

1147.   Farnell, B. (1997). Making It Their Own - Severn Ojibwe Communicative Practices - Valentine, L. P. American Anthropologist., 99(1), 195-196.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999

1148.   Farnham, R. S., 1918- . (1966). Peat resources of Minnesota : report of inventory no. 3, Red Lake Bog, Beltrami County, Minnesota . Saint Paul, Minn: Office of Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search).   Grubich, Donald N. Minnesota. Dept. of Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation. University of Minnesota. Agricultural Experiment Station. Dept. of Soil Science.

1149.   Farrar, J. G. (1982). Red Lake Court of Indian Offenses : management audit technical assistance report . St. Paul, Minn.  National Center for State Courts, North Central Regional Office.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search).  Report contracted by Bureau of Indian Affairs.  Other: Wilfahrt, Priscilla. National Center for State Courts. North Central Regional Office. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. ... accession: 17153516. ... accession: 8737595

1150.   Farris, L. (1986). Challenges in Serving the Elderly American Indian. Florida Nurse , 34(6), 12,19.
Notes: Source: Biomed (Cinahl) electronic database, Fall 1999 search. (6 Ref)

1151.   Farriss, N. (Sacred power in colonial Mexico: case of sixteenth century Yucatan). (1993). Meeting of Two Worlds: Europe and the Americas 1492-1650  (pp. 145-162). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via  University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

1152.   Fauche, G. A. (1817). Account of the transactions at Fort William, on Lake Superior, in August 1816 .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 18012773.  Caption title. Dated: 4, Queen Square, Westminster, June 24th, 1816

1153.   (1967). Greeley, Colorado : Museum of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado.
Notes: ERIC NO: ED046552
Abstract: Part II of a series of publications consisting of American Indian tribal governmental documents, this volume includes charters, constitutions, and by-laws of Indian tribes of Wisconsin (Great Lakes Agency). Documents are included relative to the Bad River, Lac Courte Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, and the Red Cliff bands of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians; the St. Croix band of Chippewa Indians; the Sokaogon Chippewa, Forest County Potawatomi, and Stockbridge Munsee communities; and the Oneida, Menominee, and Winnebago tribes in Wisconsin. (JH)

1154.   . (1965). G. E. Fay, 1927- Archaeological field equipment . Oshkosh, Wis.  Museum of Anthropology, Wisconsin State University.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October 15, 1999 search)

1155.   . (1965). G. E. Fay, 1927- Bibliography of the Indians of Wisconsin . Oshkosh, Wis.  Museum of Anthropology, Wisconsin State University.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October 15, 1999 search)

1156.   . (1972). G. E. Fay, 1927- Great Lakes Agency : Minnesota-Michigan  . Greeley : Museum of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 6412424

1157.   Fay, G. E., 1927- . (1965). Miscellaneous series. Oshkosh, Wis.  Museum of Anthropology, Wisconsin State University.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October 15, 1999 search)
Abstract: no. 2: Bibliography of the Indians of Wisconsin -- no. 3: Treaties between the Menominee Indians and the United States of America, 1817-1856 -- no. 4: Archaeological field equipment

1158.   Federal Emergency Management Agency. (1999). North Dakota; Major Disaster and Related Determinations: Notice. Federal Register, 64(132), 37534.
Notes: Source: the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr12jy99-78]
Abstract: SUMMARY: This is a notice of the Presidential declaration of a major  disaster for the State of North Dakota (FEMA-1279-DR), dated June 8,  1999, and related determinations.
EFFECTIVE DATE: June 8, 1999.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Madge Dale, Response and Recovery  Directorate, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC 20472,  (202) 646-3772.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is hereby given that, in a letter  dated June 8, 1999, the President declared a major disaster under the  authority of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency  Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), as follows:
    I have determined that the damage in certain areas of the State  of North Dakota, resulting from severe storms, flooding, snow and  ice, ground saturation, landslides, mudslides, and tornadoes  beginning on March 1, 1999 and continuing, is of sufficient severity  and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the  Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act,  Public Law 93-288, as amended (``the Stafford Act''). I, therefore,  declare that such a major disaster exists in the State of North  Dakota.     In order to provide Federal assistance, you are hereby  authorized to allocate from funds available for these purposes, such  amounts as you find necessary for Federal disaster assistance and  administrative expenses.     You are authorized to provide Individual Assistance, Public  Assistance, and Hazard Mitigation in the designated areas.  Consistent with the requirement that Federal assistance be  supplemental, any Federal funds provided under the Stafford Act for  Public Assistance or Hazard Mitigation will be limited to 75 percent  of the total eligible costs.     Further, you are authorized to make changes to this declaration  to the extent allowable under the Stafford Act.
    The time period prescribed for the implementation of section  310(a), Priority to Certain Applications for Public Facility and Public  Housing Assistance, 42 U.S.C. 5153, shall be for a period not to exceed  six months after the date of this declaration.     Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the  Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency under Executive  Order 12148, I hereby appoint Lesli A Rucker of the Federal Emergency  Management Agency to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this  declared disaster.     I do hereby determine the following areas of the State of North  Dakota to have been affected adversely by this declared major disaster:
    The counties of Barnes, Benson, Bottineau, Burleigh, Cass,  Dickey, Emmons, Foster, Grand Forks, Griggs, Kidder, LaMoure, Logan,  McHenry, McIntosh, McLean, Mountrail, Nelson, Pembina, Pierce,  Ramsey, Ransom, Renville, Richland, Rolette, Sargent, Sheridan,  Steele, Stutsman, Towner, Traill, Walsh, Ward, and Wells, and the  Indian Reservations of the Spirit Lake Tribe, Three Affiliated  Tribes, and Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa for Individual  Assistance and Public Assistance.
    All counties within the State of North Dakota are eligible to apply  for assistance under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program.
(The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA)  are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 83.537, Community  Disaster Loans; 83.538, Cora Brown Fund Program; 83.539, Crisis  Counseling; 83.540, Disaster Legal Services Program; 83.541,  Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 83.542, Fire Suppression  Assistance; 83.543, Individual and Family Grant (IFG) Program;  83.544, Public Assistance Grants; 83.545, Disaster Housing Program;  83.548, Hazard Mitigation Grant Program.) James L. Witt, Director.
[FR Doc. 99-17609 Filed 7-9-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6718-02-P

1159.   Feest, C. F. (1988). "Unser Hergott hat verschiedene Kostgänger"--Franz Hölzhuber beim Frühlingfest der Chippewa und Winnebago ["Our Lord has many boarders."  Franz Hölzhuber at the Chippewa and Winnebago spring festival in 1860]. Weiner Ethnohistorische Blätter (Vienna), 33, 101-114.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXXV (1992:149)

1160.   Ferris, N. (1985). Bellamy: a late historic Ojibwa habitation. Ontario Archaeology, 44, 3-21, ill.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

1161.   . (1833). W. M. Ferry, 1796-1867 (Reverend), Notices of Chippeway converts 3rd//4th ed., ). Boston: Crocker and Brewster, Prints.
Notes: Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:46)
Source: WorldCat database (Fall 1999 search)

1162.   . (1985). T. FiddlerLegends from the forest . Moonbeam, ON: Penumbra Press.
Notes: translations by Edtrip Fiddler
Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XXX (1987:228)

1163.   Field. Treaties & Agreements of the Chippewa Indians.  Institute for the Development of Indian Law.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

1164.   Fikes, J. C. (1995). Wub-e-ke-niew.  We have the right to exist: a translation of aboriginal indigenous thought: the first book ever published from an Ahnishinahbæótjibway  perspective. [book review]. Choice, 33(1).
Abstract: Like Vine Deloria’s Custer Died for Your Sins (CH, Mar ‘70),  this book offers an uncompromising critique of Euroamerican colonization of “New World” natives.  Steeped in the Ahnishinahbæótjibway tradition, Wub-e-ke-niew writes poignantly about his imprisonment in Catholic boarding schools, his confrontation with Indian colleagues in the American Indian Movement, and conflicts with agents from the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
His interpretation of what motivates institutions to disparage and destroy his people’s aboriginal culture is predicated on a passionate but well-documented defense of his people’s sovereignty.
Substantial archival research supports his claim that neither fraudulent treaties signed by “mix-bloods” (Métis) nor the tribal government established under the Indian Reorganization Act by Chippewa Indians at Red Lake, Minnesota, have never extinguished his people’s stewardship of the land they have cherished for a millennium.
Wub-e-ke-niew argues cogently that neither the US government nor its chosen “Indians” have any right to interfere with the Ahnishinahbæótjibway people.
This superb combination  of expose and autobiography deserves careful reading by all Americans curious about how their government’s Indian policy endangers the aboriginal way of life so eloquently evoked by Wub-e-ke-niew.  All levels.
            J.C. Fikes, Institute for Investigation of Inter-cultural Issues.de

1165.   Filemyr, A. (1995). Living at the crossroads: the intersection of nature, culture and identity (original writing) (feminist). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Union Institute.
Abstract: The thesis provides an active critique of the construction of personal, social, and cultural identities from an ecological and feminist standpoint challenging existing Feminist Theory on Identity Politics with an emphasis on relationships between women. It makes new contributions to Cultural Studies, Cultural Ecology, Ethnography and Environmental Literature by expanding a gender and race perspective on issues of culture and nature. The primary focus is on stories and the role of stories in constructing personal, social, and cultural identity and relationships to the natural world. The notion of stories is applied broadly to include those generated from personal experience or from the news media, stories  handed down over generations or kept as secrets. A series of creative and critical essays explore these themes, titles include: Living at the Crossroads, a theoretical challenge to feminist standpoint theory based on exploring the tension between theory and lived experience; Loving Across the Boundary, the author recounts her experiences in long-term relationships across the color line; Blurring the Boundary, reflection on the connection between Africa and the Americas based on a trip to Senegal and Cape Verde and the legacy of slavery in the New World; Culture Within Nature--The Importance of Place, an examination of radical ecology including bioregionalism, deep ecology, environmental justice, ecofeminism, indigenous peoples movements, and the value of stories in creating relationships to specific places; Remembering the Future: Documenting the Zuni Conservation Project, analysis of ethnographic work and the role of stories among the Zuni as the author assists the Zuni in a documentary about an ecological program on the reservation; Thunder & Lightning: Story as Voice and Illumination among the Anishinaabeg, explores the role of sacred stories and oral history among the Anishinaabeg (Chippewa) includes the author's fourteen years as a memorizer of stories which cannot be written down; Body/Nature, final section explores in-depth th e experience of being female in relationship to urban, rural, and wild landscapes, includes poetry, journal writing, analysis, and reflections on involvement in earth-based spirituality.

1166.   Filene, B. (1997). Settlement and survival: Building towns in the Chippewa Valley, 1850-1925 - Pfaff, T. J AM HIST , 84(1), 167-172.
Notes: Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999

1167.   Finger, D. E. (1985). Evaluations of vocational rehabilitation programs by native American participants and state program staff . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October 15, 1999 search)

1168.   Finley, A. (1963). Scholarships for American Indian youth. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Notes: cited in: Minnesota Chippewa Indians: a handbook for teachers (1967:102), "Bibliography"

1169.   Finnell, A. L. (1971). Indian grove burial . Minnesota Genealogist, 2(2), 26.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 19281269. Sec. 6, T109N R44W, Hope Twp., Lincoln Co., Minn.

1170.   Finney, W. (1994 December). Star Tribune.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

1171.   Firkus, A. J. (1999). Native Americans and the Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service, 1910-1940 (agricultural education, Bureau of Indian Affairs, State Tribal relations, federalism) . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University.
Abstract: The Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service (CES) began serving Native American communities in the 1910s because Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agricultural instruction was insufficient to help Indians become prosperous farmers, and because progressivism philosophy called for the inclusion of Native Americans into the political and cultural mainstream. In 1915, J. F. Wojta, Wisconsin leader of county agents, attended the Menominee Fair to judge exhibits and discuss farming. Other Wisconsin reservation communities invited Wojta to help them as well. Because Indian fairs contained too many distractions, Wojta adopted the Farmers' Institute approach and held more than fifty such events in Native American communities over the next twenty years. County agents and University of Wisconsin agricultural specialists also visited Native American communities during the 1910s and 1920s to provide farming instruction. By 1930, however, Congress began increasing federal appropriations for Indian affairs. The BIA organized its own extension division and boosted its agricultural and extension activities. By 1940, however, the federal government had once again began to relinquish its responsibility for Native Americans, and the CES again began to sponsor programs in Indian communities.

1172.   Fischer, A. (1992). Indian lore : the Naniboujou resort conjurs North Shore fantasy in mythological trappings . Architecture Minnesota, 18(2), p. 42-45 : col. ill. ; 29 cm.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 26137957. Title from caption.

1173.   Fiset, S. (Composer). (1970). Steve Fiset-- et le kitschCanada: Trans-World.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (Fall 1999 search)
French-Canadian rock songs. Title from container. Playable on stereo. or mono. equipment. Steve Fiset, vocals, guitar ; supporting performers. Ma cherie (2:50) -- J'ai depasse les chemins  (3:22) -- Quebec "sloche" (2:14) -- Je revis  (2:50) -- Je ne pense qu'a ca (2:38) -- Monsieur le  Cardinal (6:20) -- Le temps de vivre (3:08) -- Caughnawaga  (2:44) -- Echec et mat (5:20) -- Enfants de notre terre  (1:23)

1174.   Fisher, M. W. (anthropological collaborator).
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995), worked for the B.I.A. at Red Lake

1175.   Fisher, P. A., Bacon, J. G., & Storck, M. (1998). Teacher, Parent, and Youth Report of Problem Behaviors Among Rural American Indian and Caucasian Adolescents. American Indian & Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 8(2), 1-23.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: Previous research on the mental health status of American Indian youth has documented rates of pathology that are higher than the rates for Caucasian youth. However, much of this previous research has compared rural American Indians to urban Caucasians. The present study is a comparison of American Indian and Caucasian youth living on or near a rural reservation. Results suggest that although American Indian youth have higher levels than Caucasian youth of certain problem behaviors, group differences are much less general and pronounced than previous research has documented. Analyses also revealed teachers' perceptions of youth were in some cases quite different than parents' perceptions of youth and youth's perceptions of themselves.  (Abstract by: Author)

1176.   Fisher, P. A., Storck, M., & Bacon, J. G. (1999). In the Eye of the Beholder: Risk and Protective Factors in Rural American Indian and Caucasian Adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69(3), 294-304.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: This study examines how relations Between risk and protective factors and psychopathology vary by ethnic group, gender, and informant. Data were collected from Caucasian and American Indian adolescents, and their teachers. Results indicate a need for interventions that reduce risk increase protective factors, and bring about greater convergence in the perceptions teachers and youth. [References: 34]

1177.   Fixico, D. L. (1994). The Alliance of the 3-Fires in Trade and War, 1630-1812 (Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Ojibwa Indian History). Michigan Historical Review, 20(2), 1-23.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search

1178.   Flandrau, C. E. (1898). Lawyers and courts of Minnesota prior to and during its territorial period . in Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume VIII.    St. Paul, Minn.: The Minnesota Historical Society.
Notes: Source: PALS online catalog (October 1999 search)
Abstract: The international boundary between Lake Superior  and the Lake of the Woods / by Ulysses Sherman Grant -- The settlement and  development of the Red River Valley / by Warren Upham -- The discovery and  development of the iron ores of Minnesota / by N.H. Winchell -- The origin  and growth of the Minnesota Historical Society / by Alex. Ramsey -- Opening  of the Red River of the North to commerce and civilization / by Russell Blakeley -- Last days of Wisconsin territory and early days of Minnesota  territory / by Henry L. Moss -- Lawyers and courts of Minnesota prior to  and during its territorial period / by Charles E. Flandrau -- Homes and  habitations of the Minnesota Historical Society / by Charles E. Mayo -- The  historical value of newspapers / by J.B. Chaney -- The United States  government publications / by D.L. Kingsbury -- The first organized  government of Dakota / by Samuel J. Albright -- How Minnesota became a  state / by Thomas F. Moran -- Minnesota's ! northern boundary / by Alexander N. Winchell -- The question of the sources  of the Mississippi River / by E. Levasseur. The source of the Mississippi / by N.H. Winchell --  Prehistoric man at the headwaters of the Mississippi River / by J.V. Brower  -- Charter members of the Minnesota Historical Society and its work in 1896  / by Alex. Ramsey -- History of agriculture in Minnesota / by James J. Hill  -- History of mining and quarrying in Minnesota / by Warren Upham --  History of the discovery of the Mississippi River and the advent of  commerce in Minnesota / Russell Blakeley -- Reminiscences of persons and  events in the early days of the Minnesota Historical Society / by William  H. Kelley -- Fort Snelling from its foundation to the present time / by  Richard W. Johnson -- Sully's expedition against the Sioux, in 1864 / by  David L. Kingsbury -- State-building in the West / by Charles E. Flandrau

1179.   Flandrau, C. E. (1898). State-building in the West . in Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume VIII.    St. Paul, Minn.: The Minnesota Historical Society.
Notes: Source: PALS online catalog (October 1999 search)
Abstract: The international boundary between Lake Superior  and the Lake of the Woods / by Ulysses Sherman Grant -- The settlement and  development of the Red River Valley / by Warren Upham -- The discovery and  development of the iron ores of Minnesota / by N.H. Winchell -- The origin  and growth of the Minnesota Historical Society / by Alex. Ramsey -- Opening  of the Red River of the North to commerce and civilization / by Russell Blakeley -- Last days of Wisconsin territory and early days of Minnesota  territory / by Henry L. Moss -- Lawyers and courts of Minnesota prior to  and during its territorial period / by Charles E. Flandrau -- Homes and  habitations of the Minnesota Historical Society / by Charles E. Mayo -- The  historical value of newspapers / by J.B. Chaney -- The United States  government publications / by D.L. Kingsbury -- The first organized  government of Dakota / by Samuel J. Albright -- How Minnesota became a  state / by Thomas F. Moran -- Minnesota's northern boundary / by Alexander N. Winchell -- The question of the sources  of the Mississippi River / by E. Levasseur. The source of the Mississippi / by N.H. Winchell --  Prehistoric man at the headwaters of the Mississippi River / by J.V. Brower  -- Charter members of the Minnesota Historical Society and its work in 1896  / by Alex. Ramsey -- History of agriculture in Minnesota / by James J. Hill  -- History of mining and quarrying in Minnesota / by Warren Upham --  History of the discovery of the Mississippi River and the advent of  commerce in Minnesota / Russell Blakeley -- Reminiscences of persons and  events in the early days of the Minnesota Historical Society / by William  H. Kelley -- Fort Snelling from its foundation to the present time / by  Richard W. Johnson -- Sully's expedition against the Sioux, in 1864 / by  David L. Kingsbury -- State-building in the West / by Charles E. Flandrau

1180.   Flandrau, C. E. (Charles Eugene), 1828-1903 (The Indian War of 1862-1864 : and following campaigns in Minnesota ). (1890). detatched from Minnesota. Board of Commissioners on Publication of History of Minnesota in Civil and Indian WarsMinnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars, 1861- 1865  (p. [727]-818 ). St. Paul, Minn.  Printed for the State by the Pioneer Press Co.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 15689922. Caption title. "Roster of citizen soldiers engaged in the Sioux Indian War of 1862:" Other: Minnesota. Board of Commissioners on Publication of History of Minnesota in Civil and Indian Wars. Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars, 1861- 1865.  ... accession: 3254059 [2d ed.] 2d ed. was produced after an ammendment to the general appropriation act of April 22, 1891 and consists of 10,000 copies, 2 v. ; 27 cm., 1891

1181.   Flandrau, C. E. (Charles Eugene), 1828-1903. (1890). Narrative of the Indian War of 1862-1864 : and following campaigns in Minnesota .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 19485200. Cover title. ... accession: 13852008

1182.   Flannery, R. (1940). The cultural position of Spanish River Indians. Primitive Man, 13, 1-25.
Notes: Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:46)

1183.   Fleetwood, B. (The tribe that caught cat dancing). (1979). Culture, curers, and contagion, Novato  (pp. 59-63). California: Chandler and Sharp.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

1184.   Foerster, J. W. (1964). An Indian Summer. Canadian Geographical Review, 38, 157-163.
Notes: Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:46)

1185.   Foley, D. E. (1995). The Heartland Chronicles.  University of Pennsylvania Press.
Notes: Source: Books in Print electronic database, Fall 1999

1186.   Folwell, W. W. (1929-1930). A History of Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society.
Notes: cited by Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)
cited in: Minnesota Chippewa Indians: a handbook for teachers (1967:102), "Bibliography"

1187.   Fonda, J. (1970). Account book 1755-1777, probably Jelles  Fonda's, Caughnawaga. Ithaca, N.Y.  Cornell University Library.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (Fall 1999 search)
Abstract: Microfilm of a colonial account book from  the Collection of Regional History, Cornell  University.

1188.   Forbes, H. M., 1856-1951. (1894). Two Indian chiefs. Westborough, Mass.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (Fall 1999 search)

1189.   Fore, C. L., & Chaney, J. M. (1998). Factors Influencing the Pursuit of Educational Opportunities in American Indian Students. American Indian & Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 8(2), 46-55.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: American Indians are the most under-represented minority group across all levels of education. The present study investigates sociocultural, psychological, and nontraditional academic factors that influence American Indian students' decisions to pursue higher education (e.g., vocational training, college). Nineteen American Indians with previous academic difficulties completed several self-report measures at the beginning of an eight-week Job Corps. program. The results indicate that students who pursue educational opportunities have a more realistic self-appraisal of their academic abilities and are supported by others (e.g., family, mentors) in their academic pursuits. A hypothesized link between self-appraisal and support suggests that the availability of a mentor and/or family support is crucial in American Indian students' decision to pursue educational opportunities.  (Abstract by: Author)

1190.   Forest County Potawatomi Community (Association). (1937). Constitution and by-laws of the Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin approved February 6, 1937. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October 15, 1999 search).  At head of title: United States. Department of the Interior. Office of Indian Affairs.

1191.   Forest County Potawatomi Community (Association). (1938). Corporate charter of the Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin ratified October 30, 1937. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October 15, 1999 search)

1192.   Fortunate Eagle, A. N. (1994). Urban Indians and the occupation of Alcatraz Island. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 18(4), 33-58.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search
Source: InfoTrac [electronic database--Daemon@epub.med.iacnet.com]: Oct 1999 search
Abstract: Organizations including the Navajo Club, the Chippewa Club and the Pomo Club, representing Native Americans from both rural and urban areas in the nation and upholding the community's pride of place, came under the United Council, the umbrella organization of Native Americans, in organizing and conducting the 1969 invasion and occupation of Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA. This island invasion was a watershed in the Natives' quest for self-determination in the American society.

1193.   Foster, A. A. (1943). ESP tests with American Indian children: a comparison of methods. Journal of Parapsychology, 7(2), 94-103.  3 refs.
Notes: Source: Parapsychology Abstracts International, Jun 1984:21
Abstract: Fifty children attending a government school for Plains Indians in Canada were given tests for ESP by a white teacher.   The primary aim was to compare the effectiveness of a new type of test as against a standard technique, Screened Touch Matching, which has long been used in ESP research.  As it turned out, the older technique, which utilized ESP cards concealed from the subject's view by an opaque screen, gave significant results while the new technique gave only chance scores.  The significant results consisted of 250 runs through the ESP deck, five runs for each of the fifty subjects.  The children averaged 3.59 hits per deck, whereas expectation is 5.00.  This average is significant to five a critical ratio of 3.07; the odds are more than 700 to 1 that such a result would occur by chance.
   The new type of test, while it was a failure as far as producing evidence for ESP is concerned, may be regarded as an experimental control since the conditions were the same as far as precautions were concerned.  The principal significance of the experiment lies in its constituting the only published report to date of ESP experiments conducted with Indians as subjects. --DA

1194.   Foster, J., C. E. of Montreal. (1869). Railway from Lake Superior to Red River settlement considered in a letter to the Hon. Wm. McDougall, C.B., minister of public works . Montreal?  J. Lovell.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 9494765.  Reproduction of original in: Library of the Public Archives of Canada. Includes bibliographical references.  Other: MacDougall, William, 1822-1905. ... accession: 17756081.  B.B. Peel, Bibliography of the prairie provinces, no. 224. Advertisement for "Foster's new system of wooden railway" inserted. ... accession: 26709826

1195.   Fox, J. R. (1962). Dunning, R.W.  Social and economic change among the northern Ojibwa.  [Book Review]. British Journal of Sociology, 13(1), 83-85.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. VIII (1963:104)

1196.   Fox, T. B. (1858). History of Saginaw County, from the year 1819 down to the present time. Comp. from authentic records and other sources: traditionary acccounts, legends, anecdotes &c, with valuable statistics and notes of its resources and general information concerning its advantages; also a business directory of each of the three principal towns of the County. East Saginaw, MI: Enterprise Print.
Notes: Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:46)

1197.   Francis, D., & Payne, M., 1951-. (1993). A narrative history of Fort Dunvegan .  [Winnipeg?] : Watson & Dwyer.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (Fall 1999 search)
"Prepared for the Fort Dunvegan Historical Society and Alberta Community Development."-- T.p. Includes bibliographical references and index.

1198.   Franciscan Fathers . (1951). The Indian Maiden Catherine  Tekakwitha. Fonda, N.Y.  Franciscan Fathers, Tekakwitha  Friary.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (Fall 1999 search)
Abstract: Cover title. Catherine Tekakwith--Caughnawaga--Tekakwitha Friary and St.  Peter Chapel--Notre Dame de Foy--The Mohawk-Caughnawaga  Museum.

1199.   Frantz, S. (1989). Report to the Minnesota Legislature : American Indian education report for the Minnesota Technical Institute System . [St. Paul, Minn.] : Minnesota State Board of Vocational Technical Education.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 19247197 ... accession: 21213984
Abstract: Minnesota. State Board of Vocational Technical Education. American Indian education report for the Minnesota Technical Institute System.

1200.   Freeman, K., Stairs, A., Corbiere, E., & Lazore, D. (1995). Ojibwe, Mohawk, and Inuktitut Alive and Well? Issues of Identity, Ownership and Change. Bilingual Research Journal, 19(1), 39.
Notes: Source: UnCover database (Aug 1999)
Source: InfoTrac [electronic database--Daemon@epub.med.iacnet.com]: Oct 1999 search
Abstract: A demographic analysis of the three indigenous languages Ojibway, Mohawk and Inuktitut in Eastern Canada reveals that native language learning has diminished, though various language programs are being used to revive these languages. Native community educators stress the correlation between languages and cultural preservation in a heterogeneous world.

1201.   Freeman, W. L. (1994). Making research consent forms informative and understandable: the experience of the Indian Health Service. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 3(4), 510-521.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota Bioethics electronic database, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: <Conclusion>: This article is relevant to many more researchers and IRBs than just those that deal with AI/AN [American Indian and Alaska Native] communities. Many researchers and IRBs are involved with research in other minority communities. Although other minority communities may not have legal tribal sovereignty, many of the sensitivities and values needed to work with them effectively are similar to those discussed in connection with AI/AN groups. Even more important, in the cross-cultural setting of health professionals trying to communicate with lay volunteers, effective writing and communication requires the same methods as described here. Researchers and IRBs can write more effective consent forms and develop more effective consent processes by understanding 1) the findings of the NALS [National Adult Literacy Survey], 2) the six factors that inhibit written communication with people possessing typical reading skills, 3) the six characteristics of the effective consent forms, and 4) the four ways to go beyond the usual consent form. The IHS [Indian Health Service] Model Volunteer Consent Forms are examples or 'templates' that researchers and IRBs might use to improve their consent forms. [References: 39 fn.]

1202.   Fregeau, C. J., Tan-Siew, W. F., Yap, K. H., Carmody, G. R., Chow, S. T., & Fourney, R. M. (1998). Population Genetic Characteristics of the STR Loci D21S11 and FGA in Eight Diverse Human Populations. Human Biology , 70(5), 813-844.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999
Abstract: A highly polymorphic multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) system composed of D21S11, FGA, and the sex-typing system amelogenin (AMG) has been used to investigate allele frequency distributions in two Canadian Caucasian samples (British Columbia and Alberta), three Canadian aboriginal populations (Coastal Salishans from British Columbia, Ojibwa from northern Ontario, and Cree from Saskatchewan), and three ethnic groups from Singapore (Chinese, Malays, and Asian Indians). Using the automated fluorescence detection approach on an ABD 373A DNA Sequencer, we distinguished 20 D21S11 and 22 FGA alleles with a nearly equal representation of two- and four-base variants. An overlap in allele sizes for both STR loci across populations was observed, but frequency differences were noted. Statistical analysis revealed that (1) both D21S11 and FGA loci conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all eight surveyed populations based on five different tests and (2) both STR loci are in linkage equilibrium. Results from the 2 times N contingency table exact tests for population differentiation demonstrated that the Canadian samples from two different provinces were not distinguishable from one another at either STR locus and therefore could be combined to form one Caucasian group. Likewise, Chinese and Malays from Singapore did not show significant differences at either STR locus. In contrast, all other examined populations exhibited differences deemed statistically significant. As a complement to our study, we compared D21S11 allele frequency distributions in 21 worldwide populations and FGA allele frequency distributions in 14 populations. Many alleles never previously reported in worldwide populations were identified in Canadian aboriginal and Asian samples from this study. Twenty-four D21S11 and 29 FGA alleles were distinguished in worldwide groups. Interesting similarities in allele frequency distribution patterns across populations suggest that the STR polymorphism at these loci predates the geographic dispersal of ancestral human populations. This study further demonstrates the utility of highly informative STR loci such as D21S11 and FGA in human population evolutionary history and in forensic medicine.

1203.   [French, L., 1941-]. (1982). Indians and criminal justice . Totowa, N.J.  Allanheld, Osmun.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search)

1204.   Return to Endion women, work and family in Duluth, a historical perspective . (1985).  [Recording]. Duluth: University of Minnesota, Duluth, Learning Resources Center.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 12099115
Abstract: A talk given March 12, 1985 at UMD as part of Women's History Week, 1985. Gives a history of the living conditions of women in the Duluth area through the beginning of World War I, followed by a question and answer period.

1205.   Frickey, P. P. (1996). Domesticating Federal Indian Law. Minnesota Law Review, 81(1), 31.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)

1206.   Frickey, P. P. (1996). Pommersheim: Braid of Feathers: American Indian Law and Contemporary Tribal Life. Michigan Law Review, 94(6), 1973.
Notes: Source: UnCover (August 1999 search)

1207.   Fridley, R. W. (1883). Reference files on Minnesota history.
Notes: Source: PALS online catalog (October 1999 search)

1208.   Friedl, E. (1995). The Life of an Academic - a Personal Record of a Teacher, Administrator, and Anthropologist. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 1-19.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: An account, spanning 50 years, of how I became an anthropologist, my graduate education at Columbia University, and my academic positions at Brooklyn and Queens College and at Duke University. I discuss my fieldwork among the Chippewa of Wisconsin and among modern Greeks in Boetia and Athens. I comment on the new ethnography as it applies to modern Greek studies and discuss how and why I turned to gender studies. I comment on teaching, university administration, and trends in contemporary anthropology and make a recommendation for a future thrust of the field. Reconnecting biology and cultural anthropology is, I believe, a necessary step if anthropology is to continue to be useful for ameliorating the human condition.

1209.   Friedl, E. (1966). An attempt at directed culture change: leadership among the Chippewa, 1640-1948. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University.

1210.   Friedl, E. (1957). Chippewa Indians of yesterday and today [book review]. American Anthropologist, 59(4), 728-729.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. III (1959:3-4507)

1211.   Friedl, E. (1995). The life of an academic: a personal record of a teacher, admnistrator and anthropologist. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 1-19.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. XLI (1996:4)

1212.   Friedl, E. (1944). A note on birchbark transparencies. American Anthropologist, 46, 149-150.
Notes: Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:46)

1213.   Friedl, E. (1956). Persistence in Chippewa culture and personality. American Anthropologist, 58(5), 814-825.
Notes: Source: International Bibliography of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vol. III (1959:3-4722)
Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:47)

1214.   Friedli, J. (1918). The Winnebago Indian Mission at Black River Falls, Wis. Sheboygan, Wis.  Board of Home Missions of the Northwest, Central and Southeast Synods of the Reformed Church in the U.S.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (October 15, 1999 search)

1215.   Friedman, L. D. (1991). Unspeakable images: ethnicity and the American cinema. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Notes: Source: Midé bibliography compiled by Sára Kaiser (1997)

1216.   Friedman, S. S. (1994). Identity Politics, Syncretism, Catholicism, and Anishinabe Religion in Erdrich,Louise 'tracks' (American Indian Literature and Spirituality). Religion & Literature, 26(1), 107-133.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search

1217.   Friedman, S. S. (1994). Identity Politics, Syncretism, Catholicism, and Anishinabe Religion in Louise Erdrich's Tracks. Religion & Literature, v 26(n 1), 107.
Notes: Source: UnCover

1218.   [Friends of the Martin County Library]. (1977). Indian legends of Martin County . Madelia, MN : House of Print.
Notes: Source: WorldCat (October 1999 search), accession: 4355192

1219.   Frisch, L. L. (1998). The association between social influences (cues to action) and pap smear screening frequency rates. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University.
Abstract: Cervical cancer occurs at a high rate among Native American women in the United States. Few published data have concurred why Native American women do not seek recommended preventive Pap smear screening exams to identify cancer in early stages, anddecrease mortality rates in this population. Social influences, in the role of preventive health behavior may play an important role in offering rationale. Chart audits and structured interviews were used of those women who complied with the guidelines of at least one Pap in the last three years, and those women who did not in a select population of Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indian women, aged 40 years and older (N = 30). Using crosstabs, chi-square and bFisher's exact, this study found no association between Pap smear screening frequency rates, and social influence as a cue to action.  However, findings did show the women in this study valued the opinion and advice of healthcare professionals, and that Pap smears exams were being discussed. These findings suggest the need for further research, and culturally sensitive interventions by the APN to move social influence to the cue to action phase.

1220.   Fritz, H. E. (1963). The movement for Indian assimilation, 1860-1890. Philadlephia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)

1221.   Fritz, R., Suffling, R., & Younger, T. A. (1993). Influence of Fur Trade Famine and Forest Fires on Moose and Woodland Caribou Populations in Northwestern Ontario From 1786 to 1911. Environmental Management , 17(4), 477-489.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: Hudson's Bay Company records were used to estimate the 1786-1911 annual number of moose (Alces alces andersonii) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) involved in trade by northern Ojibwa natives to the company post at Osnaburgh House (51.degree.10'N 90.degree.15'W) in northwest Ontario, Canada.  The human population for the early 19th century, and the number and severity of human starvations from 1786 to 1911 were estimated.  The extent of forest fires in the region around Osnaburgh was documented using a 'fire-day' index computed from Hudson's Bay Company journals and using qualitative archival information.  It is argued that the human population was too small to have caused the observed early 19th century moose and caribou population decline solely through predation.  Likewise, severe early 19th century famines were caused by climatic factors rather than by declines in moose and caribou numbers.  Habitat change caused by increased forest fires correlates with the observed decline of caribou, while moose increased and subsequently collapsed as winter shelter was destroyed.  A burgeoning human population, sustained during winter food shortages on potatoes donated by the Hudson's Bay Company, then kept ungulate populations to low levels until the late 19th century.  Only then did maturing forests and a new outbreak of fires provides renewed habitat for resurgences of, respectively, caribou and moose.

1222.   Fruth, A. (Bernard Fruth), 1913-. (1958). A century of missionary work among the Chippewa Indians, 1858-1958. Redlake, MN: St. Mary's Mission.
Notes: cited in Wub-e-ke-niew (1995)
Source: Helen Hornbeck Tanner, The Ojibwas, a critical bibliography (1976:47)
Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search)

1223.   Fuks, K. H., & Wilkinson, B. H. (1998). Holocene sedimentation in two western Michigan estuaries. J GREAT LAKES RES , 24(4), 822-837.
Notes: Source: http://www.webofscience.com/CIW.cgi -- subject search on all indexes, Fall 1999

1224.   Fulford, G. (1992). Pictographic account book of an Ojibwa fur trader. Papers, Algonquian Conference, 23 , 190-233.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

1225.   Fulford, G. (1990). Structural analysis of Mide chants. Papers, Algonquian Conference [Ottawa], 21, 126-158.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

1226.   Fulford, G. (1989). Structural analysis of Mide song scrolls. Papers, Algonquian Conference, (20), 132-153.
Notes: Source: endeavor.rlg.org via University of Minnesota online database, August 1999 search

1227.   "Full-blooded Ponemah Indians". (1944 March). [Letter to Bureau of Indian Affairs, via Red Lake Agency].
Notes: cited by Wub-e-ke-niew

1228.   Fuller, I. (1940). The loon feather. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Incorporated.
Notes: cited in: Minnesota Chippewa Indians: a handbook for teachers (1967:92), "Annotated list of selected teaching materials"
Abstract: "Tecumseh's daughter is adopted by a French couple.  This story tells of her attempts to absorb the best of the white man's world while maintaining the best of her Indian heritage.  Excellent for grades 7-8."

1229.   Fusaro, R. M., & Johnson, J. A. (1980). Hereditary Polymorphic Light Eruption in American Indians: Photoprotection and Prevention of Streptococcal Pyoderma and Glomerulonephritis. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association , 244(13), 1456-1459.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: Hereditary polymorphic light eruption (HPLE) occurs in Indians of North and South America. Affected persons are sensitive to long UV radiation and receive no substantial benefit from conventional sunscreens. There were 46 HPLE patients treated at the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota, USA, treated with topically administered dihydroxyacetone and lawsone, orally given beta-carotene or both. Oral beta-carotene afforded adequate photoprotection to 33 patients; 4 additional patients were protected with the combined use of oral and topical agents. HPLE is a causative factor in streptococcal pyoderma in the American Indian and may be associated with epidemics of streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

1230.   Fust, W. L. (1965). A study of Minnesota's Indian policy and problems since 1934 .
Notes: Source: WorldCat (November 1999 search), accession: 18996027. Typescript. Bibliography: leaves [26]-28.

1231.   Gade, W., Jack, M. A., Dahl, J. B., Schmidt, E. L., & Wold, F. (1981). The Isolation and Characterization of a Root Lectin From Soybean (Glycine Max (L), Cultivar Chippewa). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 256(24), 12905-12910.
Notes: Source: University of Minnesota BioMed electronic databases, Fall 1999 search
Abstract: A lectin has been isolated from the roots of 5-day soybean (Glycine max (L) cultivar Chippewa) seedlings, and its properties have been compared to those of the soybean seed lectin. The sugar-binding activities of the two lectins, both in terms of specific hemagglutinating activity and sugar specificity, are indistinguishable. Molecular properties of the two lectins, measured as relative molecular weights, isoelectric and electrophoretic patterns, amino acid compositions, immunochemical cross-reactivity, and chromatographic behavior on Sepharose-concanavalin A adsorbents suggest that the seed and the root lectin are very similar but not identical. On the basis of these comparisons, we conclude that models regarding biological functions of soybean lectin derived from studies using the seed lectin can be extended to include the root lectin in this cultivar. Studies on the distribution of the lectin in the root tissue suggest that it is associated with the outer surface of the root and is concentrated in the segments of the root at which hair and early secondary roots are observed. Since this is the region at which Rhizobium binding occurs and at which nodulation probably is initiated, all the reported observations on the root lectin are consistent with its proposed role in the specific interaction of the developing soybean with its symbiont.

1232.   Gagnon, M. (1995). Discours implicite sur le sacre dans quelques groupes environmentaux de la region de Quebec. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universite Laval, Canada.
Abstract: Cette recherche porte sur le discours implicite sur le sacre au sein de quelques groupes environnementaux du Quebec metropolitain. Nous avons emis les hypotheses suivantes: premierement, il y aurait  presence d'un sacre auquel les membres des groupes feraient reference, avec les categories de sacre pur et impur. Ce sacre se presenterait sous la forme d'un syncretisme comprenant la combinaison de croyances amerindienne, bouddhiste et scientifique.  Deuxiemement, nous avons pose l'hypothese de la presence d'un  groupe qui constituerait une communaute de reference a cette forme symbolique de croyance syncretique. Troisiemement, il y aurait  presence d'un systeme de valeurs affirmant l'ordre sacre du monde,  l'unite de l'etre humain avec la nature, valeurs qui s'inspireraient de ce nouveau sacre en emergence. La recherche des indicateurs  pouvant nous aider a cerner le cadre du discours implicite sur le sacre et la decouverte de donnees verifiables, a necessite la realisation de deux demarches: theorique et empirique. La demarche theorique comprend, dans un premier temps, la recherche des sources historiques constituant le paradigme ecologique. Nous avons, a partir des indicateurs releves, cerne quelques  caracteristiques pouvant servir a la construction d'un type ideal. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons situe les enjeux du sacre en rapport avec les idees portees par le courant ecologiste. Dans la demarche empirique, nous avons procede a l'analyse d'un corpus comprenant des documents provenant des groupes environnementaux afin de trouver les indicateurs se rapportant au sacre et les valeurs qui y correspondent. La recherche sur le terrain a ete realisee au moyen de l'outil d'enquete aupres de seize  personnes provenant de cinq groupes de la region.

1233.   Gainer, B. J. (1979). The Catholic missionaries as agents of social change among the Metis and Indians of Red River: 1818-1845. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Carleton University (Canada).

1234.   Gallerneault, R. T., 1912- . (1972).  Saulteaux legends. Saskatoon: Indian and Northern Education Program, University of Saskatchewan.
Notes: Source: WorldCat database (Fall 1999 search)