Search for salix found more than 500 matches, but only the first 500 will be displayed. Clever querying can usually retrieve all responses in several tries. See the "about" page for hints.
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Alaska Native Food (Dietary Aid)
Young, tender leaves and shoots used as sources for vitamin C.
Heller, Christine A. 1953 Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska (p. 59)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Alaska Native Food (Snack Food)
Inner bark eaten raw with seal oil and sugar as a winter tidbit.
Heller, Christine A. 1953 Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska (p. 59)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Alaska Native Food (Unspecified)
Leaves used for food.
Heller, Christine A. 1953 Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska (p. 59)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Alaska Native Food (Unspecified)
Young, new shoots eaten raw or dipped in seal oil.
Heller, Christine A. 1953 Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska (p. 59)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Alaska Food (Unspecified)
Leaf tips eaten raw with seal oil in early spring.
Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager 1980 Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48 (p. 34)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Sweetener)
Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 7)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Unspecified)
Leaf buds used for food.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 7)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Unspecified)
Tender, new shoots peeled and eaten.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 7)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Unspecified)
Juice sucked from the stem.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 7)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Unspecified)
Juicy cambium, tasted like watermelon or cucumber, used for food.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 7)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Unspecified)
Tiny, green leaves used for food.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 7)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Alaska Other (Smoke Plant)
Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to chewing tobacco.
Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager 1980 Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48 (p. 34)
Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville
Feltleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Alaska Other (Snuff)
Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to snuff.
Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager 1980 Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48 (p. 34)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of bark taken to check bowels.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction or infusion of bark used as a wash to make the hair grow.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark used as a poultice.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion taken for fever.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Root chewed by ball players "for wind."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice and root chewed for hoarseness.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Throat Aid)
Decoction of inner bark taken for hoarseness.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University (p. 12)
Salix alba L.
White Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Tonic)
Bark used as a tonic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of bark shavings used for diarrhea.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 67)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of bark applied to bleeding cuts.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion of bark shavings used for stomach ailments.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 67)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Hemostat)
Poultice of bark applied to bleeding cuts.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Panacea)
Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea and other ailments.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Decoction of branch tips used for soaking the feet and legs for cramps.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 135)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Fiber (Building Material)
Branches used to build sweat lodges.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Fiber (Furniture)
Young twigs made into cages and used to carry children on travois.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Fiber (Furniture)
Slender shoots bound with sinew and used as backrests.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Wood made into mattresses and used to keep beds above the ground.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Gosiute Fiber (Basketry)
Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1911 The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405. (p. 380)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Ute Fiber (Basketry)
Used in basketry.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 36)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Other (Cooking Tools)
Branches used to make meat drying racks.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Other (Musical Instrument)
Wood used to make drums.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Other (Paint)
Charcoal used as a black paint for Sun Dancers.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Cheyenne Other (Tools)
Sticks bent and used to remove hair from hides.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 37)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Gosiute Other (Containers)
Wood used to make baskets and water jugs.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1911 The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405. (p. 380)
Salix amygdaloides Anderss.
Peachleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Gosiute Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Wood used to make fish weirs.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1911 The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405. (p. 380)
Salix arbusculoides Anderss.
Littletree Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Inuktitut Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of shredded, inner bark applied to skin sores.
Wilson, Michael R. 1978 Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut. The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196 (p. 186)
Salix arbusculoides Anderss.
Littletree Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of inner bark applied to sores.
Oswalt, W. H. 1957 A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36 (p. 30)
Salix arbusculoides Anderss.
Littletree Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut Drug (Eye Medicine)
Leaves placed in the corners of watery eyes.
Oswalt, W. H. 1957 A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36 (p. 30)
Salix arbusculoides Anderss.
Littletree Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut Drug (Oral Aid)
Leaves chewed for sore mouth.
Oswalt, W. H. 1957 A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36 (p. 30)
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis]
Weeping Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of bark taken to check bowels.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis]
Weeping Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction or infusion of bark used as a wash to make the hair grow.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis]
Weeping Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark used as a poultice.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis]
Weeping Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion taken for fever.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis]
Weeping Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Root chewed by ball players "for wind."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis]
Weeping Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice and root chewed for hoarseness.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica × fragilis]
Weeping Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Tonic)
Bark used as a tonic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of chewed root inner bark applied to a deep cut.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Menominee Drug (Unspecified)
Plant used medicinally.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 52)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of inner cambium and powdered tree fungus applied to serious cuts.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Shredded inner bark used for sanitary napkins to "heal a woman's insides."
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of branches taken by women for several months after childbirth to increase the blood flow.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Hemostat)
Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Decoction of branches taken by women after childbirth and helped the baby through the breast milk.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Basketry)
Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Fiber (Clothing)
Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Fiber (Cordage)
Branches or bark twisted into strong rope.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Fiber (Sewing Material)
Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Containers)
Stems used to make a stopper for a sturgeon skin jar.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Cooking Tools)
Stems used to make a fish roasting stick.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Fasteners)
Bark used to tie or fasten many things.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Stems used to make bows and arrows.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Bark made into netting and used to catch fish.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Tools)
Stems used to make a bead weaving loom.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Tools)
Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Toys & Games)
Branches used to make whistles.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Containers)
Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Bebb Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Fasteners)
Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Costanoan Drug (Febrifuge)
Bark used for fevers.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 21)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Food (Candy)
Sticky, sweet substance relished like candy and honey.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Havasupai Fiber (Basketry)
Young shoots used for basketry.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman 1985 Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture. Tucson. The University of Arizona Press (p. 214)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Havasupai Fiber (Building Material)
Wood used for fence posts and as fuel for fires.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman 1985 Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture. Tucson. The University of Arizona Press (p. 214)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Roots used to make baskets.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 381)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Twigs used as warp sticks.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 381)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Fiber (Basketry)
Young, green stems used to make baskets.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Fiber (Building Material)
Used in house construction.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Fiber (Building Material)
Used as the poles for the winterhouse and sweathouse construction.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Fiber (Furniture)
Used to make the oval and Y shaped cradles.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Havasupai Other (Fuel)
Wood used for fence posts and as fuel for fires.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman 1985 Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture. Tucson. The University of Arizona Press (p. 214)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Karok Other (Protection)
Used as a protective charm by those ferrying turbulent waters.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 381)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Containers)
Twigs with leaves used as "wrappers" to hold buckeye nuts and fish.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Used to make the bows and arrows for hunting small game and birds.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Smoking Tools)
Twigs with leaves used as "wrappers" to hold tobacco.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Tools)
Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix bonplandiana Kunth
Red Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Toys & Games)
Split stems used to make clappers and whistles.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix candida Flueggé ex Willd.
Sageleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Unspecified)
Compound used as a medicine.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 245)
Salix candida Flueggé ex Willd.
Sageleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Plant used for stomach troubles.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix candida Flueggé ex Willd.
Sageleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Sedative)
Plant used for trembling.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix candida Flueggé ex Willd.
Sageleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Stimulant)
Plant used for fainting.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix candida Flueggé ex Willd.
Sageleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Unspecified)
Bark used for medicinal purposes.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix candida Flueggé ex Willd.
Sageleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa, South Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction of inner bark taken for coughs.
Hoffman, W.J. 1891 The Midewiwin or "Grand Medicine Society" of the Ojibwa. SI-BAE Annual Report #7 (p. 200)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Houma Drug (Blood Medicine)
Decoction of roots and bark taken for "feebleness" due to thin blood.
Speck, Frank G. 1941 A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana. Primitive Man 14:49-75 (p. 60)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Houma Drug (Febrifuge)
Decoction of roots and bark taken for fever.
Speck, Frank G. 1941 A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana. Primitive Man 14:49-75 (p. 60)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 210)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 213)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 248)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 213)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 203)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Cold infusion of plant used as a bath for body aches.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 215)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Antirheumatic (Internal))
Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 248)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Blood Medicine)
Decoction of bark taken for menstruation sickness: yellow eyes and skin, weakness and shaking head.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 247)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 163)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Bark used as an emetic in purification after funerals, at doctor's school & after death of patient.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 167)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Roots taken by students in medical training.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 95)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant used for gunshot wounds.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 302)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Emetic)
Decoction of plant & other plants taken as an emetic by doctors to strengthen his internal medicine.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 145)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Emetic)
Bark used as an emetic to "clean the insides."
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 167)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 210)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 213)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Emetic)
Bark used as an emetic.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 288)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of plant taken as an emetic to vomit the object the witch "shot" into the body.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 398)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of roots taken as an emetic during religious ceremonies.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 408)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Eye Medicine)
Infusion of inner bark taken and used as a bath for mist sickness: eye disease, fever and chills.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 209)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 203)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Plant used for dance fire sickness: fever.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 206)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion of inner bark taken and used as a bath for mist sickness: eye disease, fever and chills.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 209)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 210)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 213)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Plant used as a fever medicine.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 283)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Bark used for fevers.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 288)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 248)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Hunting Medicine)
Infusion of roots used as a hunting medicine to increase hunting luck.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 371)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Love Medicine)
Bark used as a medicine to prevent adultery.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 249)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Oral Aid)
Plant used for lion sickness: panting, staring and tongue hanging out.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 232)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Infusion of bark used as a bath for hot feet.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 288)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Unspecified)
Plant used for medicinal purposes.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 161)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Other)
Decoction of bark taken for menstruation sickness: yellow eyes and skin, weakness and shaking head.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 247)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Other)
Plant used for lightning sickness.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 305)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Preventive Medicine)
Plant made into medicine and used to prevent the new mother's condition from contaminating the camp.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 325)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Plant used for lion sickness: panting, staring and tongue hanging out.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 232)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Vertigo Medicine)
Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 213)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Stimulant)
Plant used for lion sickness: panting, staring and tongue hanging out.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 232)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Stimulant)
Infusion of bark taken & used as a bath for menstruation sickness: lassitude, laziness & weakness.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 244)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Strengthener)
Infusion of bark taken & used as a bath for menstruation sickness: lassitude, laziness & weakness.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 244)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Strengthener)
Decoction of bark taken for menstruation sickness: yellow eyes and skin, weakness and shaking head.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 247)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Unspecified)
Plant used medicinally.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 164)
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Coastal Plain Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Other (Toys & Games)
Plant used to make ballsticks.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 492)
Salix cordata Michx.
Heartleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Malecite Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark placed in hot water and used for blisters.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs. Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 251)
Salix cordata Michx.
Heartleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Malecite Drug (Dietary Aid)
Infusion of bark used for stimulating the appetite.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs. Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 253)
Salix cordata Michx.
Heartleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Micmac Drug (Cold Remedy)
Bark used for colds and to stimulate the appetite.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 61)
Salix cordata Michx.
Heartleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Micmac Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark used for blisters.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 61)
Salix cordata Michx.
Heartleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Micmac Drug (Dietary Aid)
Bark used to stimulate the appetite.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 61)
Salix cordata Michx.
Heartleaf Willow; Salicaceae
Thompson Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of fresh bark applied to bruises and skin eruptions.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 471)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of young branches used to start lactation.
Raymond, Marcel. 1945 Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134 (p. 130)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug (Throat Aid)
Inner bark powdered, made into a paste and applied to "sick" throats.
Raymond, Marcel. 1945 Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134 (p. 130)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Analgesic)
Decoction of new twigs taken as a painkiller.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 28)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Febrifuge)
Decoction of new twigs taken for fevers.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 28)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of inner bark taken for diarrhea.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Iroquois Drug (Emetic)
Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 294)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Iroquois Drug (Emetic)
Compound decoction taken to vomit to reduce loneliness.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 294)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Iroquois Drug (Hemorrhoid Remedy)
Infusion of bark used for bleeding piles.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 294)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Iroquois Drug (Psychological Aid)
Compound decoction taken to vomit to reduce loneliness.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 294)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Iroquois Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 294)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Plant used for stomach troubles.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Sedative)
Plant used for trembling.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Stimulant)
Plant used for fainting.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Unspecified)
Bark used for medicinal purposes.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 243)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Hemostat)
Decoction of root bark used for hemorrhages.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 81, 82)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Panacea)
Bark used as a universal remedy.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 81)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Blackfoot Dye (Red)
Spring buds used to make a red dye.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 32)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Basketry)
Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Cordage)
Bark used to make rope.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Containers)
Stems used to make a stopper for a sturgeon skin jar.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Cooking Tools)
Stems used to make a fish roasting stick.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Fasteners)
Bark used to tie or fasten many things.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Stems used to make bows and arrows.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Bark made into netting and used to catch fish.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Tools)
Stems used to make a bead weaving loom.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Tools)
Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix discolor Muhl.
Pussy Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Toys & Games)
Branches used to make whistles.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix eriocephala Michx.
Missouri River Willow; Salicaceae
Ute Fiber (Basketry)
Used in basketry.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 36)
Salix eriocephala Michx.
Missouri River Willow; Salicaceae
Lakota Other (Walking Sticks)
Wood used to make canes and staffs.
Kraft, Shelly Katheren 1990 Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation. University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis (p. 34)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Adjuvant)
Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for colds and rheumatism.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for rheumatism.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Cold Remedy)
Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for colds.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Febrifuge)
Bark used for certain fevers.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Navajo, Ramah Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Navajo, Ramah Drug (Emetic)
Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Paiute, Northern Drug (Venereal Aid)
Decoction of dried roots taken for venereal diseases.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 128)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Zuni Drug (Cough Medicine)
Infusion of bark taken for coughs.
Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye 1980 A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388 (p. 378)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Zuni Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion of bark taken for sore throat.
Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye 1980 A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388 (p. 378)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Navajo Food (Beverage)
Leaves used to make a drink "like orange juice."
Hocking, George M. 1956 Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. El Palacio 56:146-165 (p. 155)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Navajo Food (Fodder)
Leaves and bark used as food for both wild and domesticated animals.
Hocking, George M. 1956 Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. El Palacio 56:146-165 (p. 155)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Navajo Food (Forage)
Leaves and bark used as food for both wild and domesticated animals.
Hocking, George M. 1956 Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. El Palacio 56:146-165 (p. 155)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Keres, Western Fiber (Basketry)
Young branches used to make baskets.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 67)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Keres, Western Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Young branches used to make mats.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 67)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Blackfoot Fiber (Building Material)
Used to make the framework of the sweat lodges.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 30)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Flathead Fiber (Basketry)
Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Havasupai Fiber (Basketry)
Young shoots used for basketry.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman 1985 Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture. Tucson. The University of Arizona Press (p. 215)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Jemez Fiber (Building Material)
Straight branches used for the inside roofs.
Cook, Sarah Louise 1930 The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians.. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 27)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Lakota Fiber (Building Material)
Branches used for building sweatlodges.
Kraft, Shelly Katheren 1990 Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation. University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis (p. 33)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Mandan Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Montana Indian Fiber (Cordage)
Used extensively for cordage.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Fiber (Clothing)
Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Fiber (Cordage)
Bark used to make excellent cord.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Fiber (Sewing Material)
Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Paiute, Northern Fiber (Basketry)
Used to make baskets.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1990 Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada. Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press (p. 75)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Pomo Fiber (Basketry)
Used for basket body material.
Merriam, C. Hart 1966 Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley (p. 296)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Tewa Fiber (Basketry)
Used for basketry.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco 1916 Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians. SI-BAE Bulletin #55 (p. 49)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Havasupai Other (Tools)
Used to make tongs for removing cactus fruit.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman 1985 Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture. Tucson. The University of Arizona Press (p. 215)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Lakota Other (Fasteners)
Peeled bark used for tying together sweatlodge poles.
Kraft, Shelly Katheren 1990 Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation. University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis (p. 33)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Navajo, Ramah Other (Ceremonial Items)
Stem used to make Lightningway hoop.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 22)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Containers)
Branches used under fish to keep them clean.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Containers)
Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Fasteners)
Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 136)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Tubatulabal Other (Cooking Tools)
Used to wrap up fish before roasting.
Voegelin, Ermine W. 1938 Tubatulabal Ethnography. Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84 (p. 11)
Salix fragilis L.
Crack Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of bark applied to sores as a styptic and healing aid.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 388)
Salix fragilis L.
Crack Willow; Salicaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Hemostat)
Bark used as a styptic and poultice for sores.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 388)
Salix fuscescens Anderss.
Alaska Bog Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Western Drug (Eye Medicine)
Cotton used by old men in inner corner of eye for watery sore eye.
Lantis, Margaret 1959 Folk Medicine and Hygiene. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75 (p. 60)
Salix fuscescens Anderss.
Alaska Bog Willow; Salicaceae
Eskimo, Western Drug (Oral Aid)
Leaves chewed for mouth sores.
Lantis, Margaret 1959 Folk Medicine and Hygiene. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75 (p. 17, 60)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Pima Drug (Febrifuge)
Decoction of leaves and bark taken as a febrifuge.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1949 By the Prophet of the Earth. Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation (p. 108)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Cocopa and Yuma Food (Unspecified)
Honey-dew obtained from cut branches.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell 1951 Yuman Indian Agriculture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press (p. 218)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Mohave Food (Beverage)
Young shoots used to make tea.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell 1951 Yuman Indian Agriculture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press (p. 201)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Pima Food (Unspecified)
Catkins eaten raw.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1949 By the Prophet of the Earth. Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation (p. 108)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Yuma Food (Beverage)
Leaves and twig bark steeped to make tea.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell 1951 Yuman Indian Agriculture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press (p. 201)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Yuma Food (Unspecified)
Bark eaten raw or cooked in hot ashes.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell 1951 Yuman Indian Agriculture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press (p. 201)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Cahuilla Fiber (Furniture)
Wood used to make cradle boards.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel 1972 Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press (p. 135)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Pima Fiber (Basketry)
Used as foundations for outdoor storage baskets.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1949 By the Prophet of the Earth. Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation (p. 108)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Pima Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Bark used as padding in baby cradles.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1949 By the Prophet of the Earth. Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation (p. 108)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Pima Fiber (Sewing Material)
Small, green branches split in two, peeled, twisted, dried and used for sewing coiled baskets.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1949 By the Prophet of the Earth. Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation (p. 116)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Pima Other (Containers)
Used to make bird cages.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1949 By the Prophet of the Earth. Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation (p. 108)
Salix gooddingii Ball
Goodding's Willow; Salicaceae
Pima Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Used to make bows.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1949 By the Prophet of the Earth. Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation (p. 108)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Drug (Throat Aid)
Decoction of bark or leaves used for sore throats.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (p. 118)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion of leaves used for laryngitis.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (p. 118)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Food (Candy)
Sticky, sweet substance relished like candy and honey.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Costanoan Fiber (Basketry)
Shoots used in basketry.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 249)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Stems used for the main ribs in baskets as an alternate for Corylus stems.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 53)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Twigs used to make the warp sticks for twined baskets.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 381)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Roots scraped, dried and used on the inside of the overlaid twined baskets.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 381)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Fiber (Building Material)
Used in house construction.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Fiber (Building Material)
Used as the poles for the winterhouse and sweathouse construction.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber (Basketry)
Root used in twined baskets.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (p. 118)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber (Basketry)
Switches used for twined baskets and foundations in coiled baskets.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (p. 118)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber (Building Material)
Large branches used as the framework for thatched summer homes, sudatories and other construction.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (p. 118)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Tolowa Fiber (Basketry)
Roots used in basketry.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 53)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Ukiah Fiber (Basketry)
Roots used to make baskets.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408. (p. 331)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Costanoan Other (Fuel)
Twigs used for kindling.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 249)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Containers)
Twigs with leaves used as "wrappers" to hold buckeye nuts and fish.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Used to make bows and arrows for hunting small game and birds.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Smoking Tools)
Twigs with leaves used as "wrappers" to hold tobacco.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Tools)
Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Toys & Games)
Split stems used to make clappers and whistles.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 61)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Tubatulabal Other (Cooking Tools)
Used to wrap up fish before roasting.
Voegelin, Ermine W. 1938 Tubatulabal Ethnography. Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84 (p. 11)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Ukiah Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Straight wands made into arrows.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408. (p. 331)
Salix exigua Nutt.
Hinds' Willow; Salicaceae
Ukiah Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Large limbs used to make weirs for catching fish.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408. (p. 331)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Makah Drug (Antidote)
Leaves used as an antidote for shell-fish poisoning.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Makah Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of roots used as a hair wash.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Quileute Drug (Sports Medicine)
Roots rubbed on bodies of athletes in training.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 26)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Quileute Food (Spice)
Leaves put in cooking baskets and used as a food flavoring.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 26)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Makah Fiber (Basketry)
Used to make baskets.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 242)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Makah Fiber (Basketry)
Used to make baskets.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 242)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Nitinaht Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 242)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Nitinaht Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 242)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Quileute Fiber (Basketry)
Bark used extensively for basketry.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 26)
Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.
Dune Willow; Salicaceae
Quileute Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Young trees used for fish weir poles.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 26)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of bark taken to check bowels.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction or infusion of bark used as a wash to make the hair grow.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark used as a poultice.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion taken for fever.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Root chewed by ball players "for wind."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice and root chewed for hoarseness.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Cherokee Drug (Tonic)
Bark used as a tonic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 61)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Delaware Drug (Venereal Aid)
Infusion of roots and other plants used for scrofula and venereal disease.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 34)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Compound infusion of plant used for scrofula.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 29, 78)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug (Venereal Aid)
Compound infusion of plant used for venereal disease.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 29, 78)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Menominee Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Root taken from shrub bearing insect galls and used for dysentery and diarrhea.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 52)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Menominee Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Root taken only from shrub bearing insect galls and used for spasmodic colic.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 52)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Menominee Drug (Tonic)
Decoction of stalk taken as a general tonic.
Densmore, Francis 1932 Menominee Music. SI-BAE Bulletin #102 (p. 133)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of root used for flux and enemas.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 245)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Hemostat)
Leaves used for stopping a hemorrhage.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 245)
Salix humilis Marsh.
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Laxative)
Infusion of root used for flux and giving enemas.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 245)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Catawba Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Plant used for sore nipples.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University (p. 13)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Catawba Drug (Oral Aid)
Infusion of roots used as a wash for children with sore mouths.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University (p. 13)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Catawba Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Infusion of roots used as a wash for children with sore mouths.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University (p. 13)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Delaware Drug (Reproductive Aid)
Infusion of roots used by women for displacement of the womb.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 34)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Delaware Drug (Venereal Aid)
Infusion of plant and roots of other plants used for scrofula and venereal disease.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 34)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of plant taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 208)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of plant taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 208)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Eye Medicine)
Infusion of plant taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 208)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion of plant taken and rubbed on the body for high fevers.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 202)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion of plant taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 208)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Hunting Medicine)
Infusion of plant used as a hunting medicine to increase hunting luck.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 371)
Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
Prairie Willow; Salicaceae
Seminole Drug (Other)
Plant used to make a medicine and given to students in medical training.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 103)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Iroquois Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of stems and other plant parts used for side pains.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 39)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Thompson Drug (Unspecified)
Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 465)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Potawatomi Dye (Red)
Willow and some other species of willow used for a scarlet dye.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 123)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Chippewa Fiber (Basketry)
Cut, peeled willows dipped in hot water to make them tough and pliable and made into baskets.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1933 Some Chippewa Uses of Plants. Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press (p. 126)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Basketry)
Stems used to rim birch bark baskets.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Gosiute Fiber (Basketry)
Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1911 The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405. (p. 380)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Omaha Fiber (Basketry)
Peeled stems used in basketry.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 73)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Ute Fiber (Basketry)
Used in basketry.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 36)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salicaceae
Cree, Woodlands Other (Containers)
Stems used to make a stopper for a sturgeon skin jar.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 58)
Salix interior Rowlee
Sandbar Willow; Salic