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Search for Pinaceae found more than 500 matches, but only the first 500 will be displayed. Clever querying can usually retrieve all responses in several tries. See the "about" page for hints.

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Eye Medicine)
Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and used for infected eyes.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Throat Aid)
Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Haisla Drug (Tonic)
Bark and other plants used as a tonic.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Haisla Drug (Unspecified)
Bark and other plants used for "sickness."
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Hanaksiala Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion of bark taken for stomach ulcers.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 173)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Hanaksiala Drug (Hemorrhoid Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken for hemorrhoids.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 173)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Kitasoo Drug (Unspecified)
Decoction of bark used medicinally.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 316)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Preventive Medicine)
Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Internal Medicine)
Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Oweekeno Drug (Cold Remedy)
Pitch boiled with grease or pitch and sugar and taken for colds.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 68)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Cold Remedy)
Pitch taken for colds.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Panacea)
Pitch taken for any type of bad disease.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Pitch taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Unspecified)
Decoction of branches taken as medicine.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Haisla Food (Unspecified)
Cambium used for food.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 151)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Kitasoo Food (Unspecified)
Inner bark used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 316)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Food (Candy)
Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber (Snow Gear)
Boughs used as a "bush sleigh" to pull cargo across deep snow.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 173)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Haisla Other (Ceremonial Items)
Pitch applied to the face of mourners.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 173)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Hanaksiala Other (Containers)
Boughs used to line oolichan ripening pits.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 173)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Other (Incense & Fragrance)
Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes
Pacific Silver Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Other (Incense & Fragrance)
Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Abnaki Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gum used to make various ointments.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 164)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Abnaki Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gum used for "slight" itches.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 164)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Abnaki Drug (Disinfectant)
Used as an antiseptic.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 155)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Abnaki Drug (Unspecified)
Needles and wood stuffed into pillows and used for good health.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 163)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Abnaki Drug (Unspecified)
Needles stuffed into pillows and used for good health.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 164)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Abnaki Drug (Panacea)
Leaves made into pillows and used as a panacea.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 155)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of gum applied to open sores, insect bites, boils and infections.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 124)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 124)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Heart Medicine)
Roots used for heart disease.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 124)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Laxative)
Needles used to make a laxative tea.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 124)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Poultice)
Needles used for making poultices.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 124)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Unspecified)
Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 124)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug (Cold Remedy)
Sap chewed for colds.
Raymond, Marcel. 1945 Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134 (p. 118)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Anticosti Drug (Kidney Aid)
Decoction of bark and bark from another plant taken for kidney troubles.
Rousseau, Jacques 1946 Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti. Archives de Folklore 1:60-71 (p. 64)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Anticosti Drug (Kidney Aid)
Gum eaten for kidney pains.
Rousseau, Jacques 1946 Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti. Archives de Folklore 1:60-71 (p. 64)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Anticosti Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion of sap used for sore throats.
Rousseau, Jacques 1946 Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti. Archives de Folklore 1:60-71 (p. 64)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Chippewa Drug (Analgesic)
Gum melted on warm stone and fumes inhaled for headache.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 338)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Chippewa Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Decoction of root used as herbal steam for rheumatic joints.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 362)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Chippewa Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gum of plant with bear grease used as an ointment for the hair.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 350)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Chippewa Drug (Herbal Steam)
Gum of plant melted on warm stone as herbal steam for headache.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 338)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Chippewa Drug (Herbal Steam)
Decoction of root sprinkled on hot stones and used as herbal steam for rheumatism.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 362)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Abortifacient)
Pitch used for menstrual irregularity.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of bark and sometimes wood taken for colds.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Cough Medicine)
Infusion of bark and sometimes wood taken for coughs.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Pitch and grease used as an ointment for scabies and boils.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of pitch applied to cuts.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of pitch and sturgeon oil used for tuberculosis.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for rheumatism.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 269)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Antirheumatic (Internal))
Compound decoction taken for rheumatism.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 269)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Cancer Treatment)
Poultice of gum and dried beaver kidneys applied for cancer.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 37)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of gum and hot milk taken as an antiseptic for colds.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 37)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Cold Remedy)
Compound decoction taken for colds.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 269)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction taken straight or diluted with alcohol for coughs.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 269)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Compound decoction applied to cuts, bruises, sprains or sores.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 269)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for parturition.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 269)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Decoction used as wash and poultice applied to cuts, bruises, sprains and sores.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 269)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Compound decoction taken during early stages of consumption.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 270)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Urinary Aid)
Used for bed wetting.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 270)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Iroquois Drug (Venereal Aid)
Used for gonorrhea.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 270)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Malecite Drug (Laxative)
Juice used as a laxative.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs. Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 244)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Malecite Drug (Unspecified)
Pitch used in medicines.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1952 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7 (p. 6)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Malecite Drug (Venereal Aid)
Infusion of bark used for gonorrhea.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs. Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 257)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Malecite Drug (Venereal Aid)
Infusion of bark, spruce bark and tamarack bark used for gonorrhea.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs. Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 257)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Menominee Drug (Adjuvant)
Inner bark used as a seasoner for medicines.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 45)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Menominee Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 45)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Menominee Drug (Cold Remedy)
Liquid balsam pressed from trunk used for colds.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 45)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Menominee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gum from plant blisters applied to sores.
Densmore, Francis 1932 Menominee Music. SI-BAE Bulletin #102 (p. 132)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Menominee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Liquid balsam pressed from trunk used for pulmonary troubles.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 45)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Menominee Drug (Unspecified)
Poultice of fresh inner bark used for unspecified illnesses.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 45)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Buds, cones and inner bark used for diarrhea.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Burn Dressing)
Gum used for burns.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Cold Remedy)
Gum used for colds.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gum used for bruises, sores and wounds.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Cones used for colic.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Laxative)
Buds used as a laxative.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Gum used for fractures.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Drug (Venereal Aid)
Bark used for gonorrhea and buds used as a laxative.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 53)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Montagnais Drug (Dietary Aid)
Inner bark grated and eaten to benefit the diet.
Speck, Frank G. 1917 Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321 (p. 313)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Needle-like leaves used as part of the ceremony involving the sweatbath.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 378)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Cold Remedy)
Balsam gum used for colds and leaf smoke inhaled for colds.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 378)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Cough Medicine)
Plant used as a cough medicine.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 244)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Balsam gum used for sores and compound containing leaves used as a wash.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 378)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Diaphoretic)
Needle-like leaves used as part of the medicine for the sweatbath.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 378)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Eye Medicine)
Liquid balsam from bark blister used for sore eyes.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 378)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Stimulant)
Leaves used as a reviver and used in compound as a wash.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 378)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa, South Drug (Cold Remedy)
Bark gum taken for chest soreness from colds.
Hoffman, W.J. 1891 The Midewiwin or "Grand Medicine Society" of the Ojibwa. SI-BAE Annual Report #7 (p. 198)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa, South Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark gum applied to cuts and sores.
Hoffman, W.J. 1891 The Midewiwin or "Grand Medicine Society" of the Ojibwa. SI-BAE Annual Report #7 (p. 198)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa, South Drug (Diaphoretic)
Decoction of bark used to induce sweating.
Hoffman, W.J. 1891 The Midewiwin or "Grand Medicine Society" of the Ojibwa. SI-BAE Annual Report #7 (p. 198)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa, South Drug (Venereal Aid)
Bark gum taken for gonorrhea.
Hoffman, W.J. 1891 The Midewiwin or "Grand Medicine Society" of the Ojibwa. SI-BAE Annual Report #7 (p. 198)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Penobscot Drug (Burn Dressing)
Sap smeared over burns, sores and cuts.
Speck, Frank G. 1917 Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321 (p. 309)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Penobscot Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Sap used as a salve for burns, sores and cuts.
Speck, Frank G. 1917 Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321 (p. 309)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Cold Remedy)
Needles used to make pillows, believing that the aroma kept one from having a cold.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 121)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Cold Remedy)
Fresh balsam gum swallowed for colds.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 68, 69)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Balsam gum used as a salve for sores.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 68, 69)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken for "consumption and other internal affections."
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 68, 69)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Food (Beverage)
Bark used to make a beverage.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1951 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259 (p. 258)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Boughs used as mats on the tent floor.
Raymond, Marcel. 1945 Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134 (p. 118)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Building Material)
Boughs used to make a brush shelter.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Canoe Material)
Wood used to make paddles.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 21)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Malecite Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1952 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7 (p. 6)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Malecite Fiber (Sewing Material)
Roots used for thread.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1952 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7 (p. 6)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Boughs used to make beds.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1951 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259 (p. 258)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Ojibwa Fiber (Canoe Material)
Resin boiled twice and added to suet or fat to make a canoe pitch.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 420)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Potawatomi Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Needles used to make pillows, believing that the aroma kept one from having a cold.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 121)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Malecite Other (Waterproofing Agent)
Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1952 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7 (p. 6)

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Balsam Fir; Pinaceae
Micmac Other (Fuel)
Wood used for kindling and fuel.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1951 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259 (p. 258)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Keres, Western Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Infusion of foliage used as a bath for rheumatism.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 24)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Keres, Western Drug (Antirheumatic (Internal))
Infusion of foliage taken for rheumatism.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 24)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Paiute Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of fresh pitch applied to cuts.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer 1941 Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture (p. 30)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Paiute Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer 1941 Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture (p. 30)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Paiute Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer 1941 Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture (p. 30)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Paiute Drug (Venereal Aid)
Compound decoction of resin taken for venereal disease.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer 1941 Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture (p. 30)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Shoshoni Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Simple or compound poultice of warm pitch applied to sores or boils.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer 1941 Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture (p. 30)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Shoshoni Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer 1941 Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture (p. 30)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Tewa Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Resinous sap from main stem and larger branches used for cuts.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco 1916 Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians. SI-BAE Bulletin #55 (p. 38)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Washo Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer 1941 Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture (p. 30)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Klamath Dye (Brown)
Bark used as a tan dye for buckskin.
Coville, Frederick V. 1897 Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon.. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110 (p. 88)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Mewuk Fiber (Building Material)
Branches used to line acorn caches.
Merriam, C. Hart 1966 Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley (p. 346)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Keres, Western Other (Decorations)
Plant used for decoration at dances and in the house.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 24)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Klamath Other (Hide Preparation)
Bark used to tan buckskin.
Coville, Frederick V. 1897 Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon.. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110 (p. 88)

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
White Fir; Pinaceae
Tewa Other (Smoking Tools)
Twigs used for making pipe stems.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco 1916 Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians. SI-BAE Bulletin #55 (p. 38)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Used for wounds and ulcers.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Taken "to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Used for "falling of the womb," the "whites" and weak backs in females.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Kidney Aid)
Burst blister, take ooze alone or with turpentine for "kidney trouble."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Laxative)
Taken "to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
"Balsam for breast and lung complaints with pain, soreness or cough."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Urinary Aid)
Used for urinary diseases.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Fraser's Fir; Pinaceae
Cherokee Drug (Venereal Aid)
Used for venereal diseases.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Eye Medicine)
Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and used for infected eyes.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Eye Medicine)
Compound of gum drawn on a hair across sore eyes.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of root bark or stem taken every day for stomach trouble.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Throat Aid)
Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Throat Aid)
Compound of gum from bark blisters warmed and taken for sore throat.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of root bark or stem taken every day for tuberculosis.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Carrier, Southern Drug (Unspecified)
Tree used as medicine.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Chehalis Drug (Cold Remedy)
Decoction of needles taken for colds.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 19)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Gitksan Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Poultice of compound containing bark applied for rheumatism.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Gitksan Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of compound containing bark applied to boils or ulcers.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Gitksan Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Poultice of compound containing bark used as a chest plaster for lung hemorrhage.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Green River Group Drug (Cold Remedy)
Decoction of needles taken for colds.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 19)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Hesquiat Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the hair and scalp because it smelled nice.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 41)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Hesquiat Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the scalp to prevent the hair from falling out.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 41)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Karok Drug (Tonic)
Infusion of needles taken as a tonic.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 379)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Branches and pollen used in purification rites and ceremonies.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction of pitch taken for coughs and tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Pitch and grease eaten or rubbed on sores and boils.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Laxative)
Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Laxative)
Pitch and catfish oil taken for constipation.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Oral Aid)
Root held in the mouth for gum boils and canker sores.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Tonic)
Infusion of bark taken as a tonic to stay young and strong.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of pitch taken or pitch rubbed on chest and back for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 268)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Unspecified)
Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Internal Medicine)
Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dietary Aid)
Pitch taken for a loss of appetite.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Pitch taken for ulcers.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of bark taken for "bad stomachs" with loss of appetite and loss of weight.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gland Medicine)
Pitch mixed with deer marrow and applied externally each evening for goiter.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Other)
Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Strengthener)
Pitch taken for a general feeling of weakness.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Pitch taken for consumption.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagon Drug (Cathartic)
Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic.
Perry, F. 1952 Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia. Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43. (p. 41)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagon Drug (Eye Medicine)
Gum used for sore eyes.
Perry, F. 1952 Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia. Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43. (p. 41)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Saanich Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Pitch mixed with venison suet and used for psoriasis and other skin diseases.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Saanich Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Pitch made into a salve and used for cuts and bruises.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Salish, Coast Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of pounded root bark used for falling hair and dandruff.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)

Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.
Lodgepole Pine; Pinaceae
Salish, Coast Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Sap mixed with deer tallow and used for psoriasis and other diseases.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Shuswap Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Shuswap Drug (Panacea)
Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Shuswap Drug (Toothache Remedy)
Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Shuswap Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Cathartic)
Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 462)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Cold Remedy)
Pitch taken for colds.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Eye Medicine)
Gum used for sore eyes.
Perry, F. 1952 Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia. Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43. (p. 41)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Eye Medicine)
Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes and gum used in corners of eyes.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 462)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Panacea)
Infusion of boughs taken for any illness.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Panacea)
Pitch taken for any type of bad disease.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Branches thought to be of help to young girl under "magical spell."
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 509)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Pitch taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Unspecified)
Decoction of branches taken as medicine.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Venereal Aid)
Very strong decoction of various plant parts taken for gonorrhea.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 462)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Witchcraft Medicine)
Branches thought to be of help to young girl under "magical spell."
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 509)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Food (Candy)
Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Shuswap Food (Beverage)
Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, made into a drink.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Shuswap Food (Candy)
Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, chewed.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 50)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Food (Beverage)
Branch tips sometimes steeped to make a tea like beverage.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Hesquiat Fiber (Clothing)
Boughs used by wolf dancers as decorative clothing.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 41)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Paiute Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for beds.
Mahar, James Michael. 1953 Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. Reed College, B.A. Thesis (p. 44)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Fiber (Building Material)
Bark used for covering lodges.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 496)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Fiber (Building Material)
Branches used to make temporary lodge flooring.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 496)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Fiber (Canoe Material)
Bark used to make canoes.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 496)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Boughs used as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Branches used for bedding.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 496)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Chehalis Other (Fuel)
Wood used for fuel.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 19)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Hesquiat Other (Incense & Fragrance)
Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 41)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Nitinaht Other (Incense & Fragrance)
Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 71)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Other (Incense & Fragrance)
Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.
Grand Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Other (Protection)
Boughs used by young girls to scrub the face & clothes so that they would not be bothered by bears.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Analgesic)
Needle smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 79)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Plant burned as ceremonial incense.
McClintock, Walter 1909 Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer. Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9 (p. 273)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Cold Remedy)
Poultice of leaves applied for chest colds.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 17)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Cold Remedy)
Poultice of plant applied for chest colds.
McClintock, Walter 1909 Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer. Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9 (p. 273)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Leaves mixed with grease and used as hairdressing.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 17)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gummy secretions used on wounds as an antiseptic.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 17)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles used as a deodorant.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 107)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of needles mixed with grease and applied as a hair tonic.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 123)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles packed into moccasins as a foot deodorant.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 123)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of resin taken as an emetic to clean the insides.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 65)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Febrifuge)
Poultice of leaves applied for fevers.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 17)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Febrifuge)
Poultice of plant applied for fevers.
McClintock, Walter 1909 Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer. Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9 (p. 273)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Oral Aid)
Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 123)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Gummy secretions taken for lung troubles.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 17)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Stimulant)
Needle smudge smoke inhaled for fainting.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 79)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of needles taken for coughing up blood, a sign of tuberculosis.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 70)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Needle smudge used to fumigate the patient with tuberculosis.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 70)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Venereal Aid)
Needle smudge used to fumigate those faces that were swollen from a form of venereal disease.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 69)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Ground needles used in horse medicine bundles.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 17)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Needle smudge used to fumigate sick horses.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 87)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Little bags of needles tied on a belt and hung around the horse's neck as a perfume.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 87)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Infusion of bark given to horses for diarrhea.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 87)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Needles burned as incense in ceremonies by persons afraid of thunder.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 5)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Stimulant)
Plant used to revive a dying person's spirit.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 5)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Witchcraft Medicine)
Burning needle smoke and aroma used to chase away bad influences (illness).
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 5)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Crow Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Young twigs and leaves burned as incense in certain ceremonies.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 5)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Crow Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of crushed needles taken for colds.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Crow Drug (Cough Medicine)
Infusion of crushed needles taken for coughs.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Crow Drug (Laxative)
Infusion of crushed needles used for constipation.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Flathead Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles dried, pounded, mixed with deer grease and used as a hair tonic.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Flathead Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles, lovage roots, buckbrush leaves and pinedrops boiled and used to make hair grow longer.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Flathead Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles pounded and used alone or mixed with grease or marrow for skin diseases.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Flathead Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles pulverized into baby powder and used for rashes from excessive urination.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Flathead Drug (Oral Aid)
Needles pounded, mixed with lard and used for bleeding gums.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Flathead Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Needles pulverized into baby powder and used for rashes from excessive urination.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Gitksan Drug (Cold Remedy)
Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Gitksan Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Gitksan Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Gitksan Drug (Tonic)
Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Kutenai Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gummy bark secretions used for cuts and bruises.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Cold Remedy)
Poultice of needles used for colds.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of needles and resinous blisters used for colds.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gummy bark secretions used as an antiseptic for wounds.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Gummy secretion from the bark used as an antiseptic for wounds and ulcers.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 5)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant applied to corns for easy removal.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 5)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Febrifuge)
Poultice of needles used for chest fevers.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 2)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Montana Indian Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Gummy secretion from the bark taken for lung troubles.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 5)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dietary Aid)
Pitch taken for a loss of appetite.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Pitch taken for ulcers.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of bark taken for "bad stomachs" with loss of appetite and loss of weight.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gland Medicine)
Pitch mixed with deer marrow and applied externally each evening for goiter.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Other)
Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Strengthener)
Pitch taken for a general feeling of weakness.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Pitch taken for consumption.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 23)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Shoshoni Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of needles taken for colds.
Murphey, Edith Van Allen 1990 Indian Uses of Native Plants. Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959 (p. 37)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Shoshoni Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of resinous blisters taken for colds.
Murphey, Edith Van Allen 1990 Indian Uses of Native Plants. Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959 (p. 37)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Cold Remedy)
Pitch taken for colds.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Panacea)
Pitch taken for any type of bad disease.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Inner bark eaten as a medicine for "shadow on the chest," the beginning of tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Pitch taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
Subalpine Fir; Pinaceae
Thompson Drug (Unspecified)
Decoction of branches taken as medicine.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 97)

Abi