Search for Dryopteridaceae found 191 matches:
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Chippewa Drug (Diuretic)
Compound decoction of root taken for "stoppage of urine."
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 348)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cowlitz Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of stems taken for body pains.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Hesquiat Drug (Cancer Treatment)
Young, unfurling fronds eaten for internal ailments, such as cancer of the womb.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 29)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of pounded stems taken by women to ease labor.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Analgesic)
Decoction of root taken by women for bosom pains caused by childbirth.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 237)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of root taken by women for bosom pains caused by childbirth.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 237)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Grated dried root used as healing powder for sores.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 381)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of root induced milk flow in patients with caked breast.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 381)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of root taken for caked breasts and other female disorders.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 73)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Thompson Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Infusion of plant used for vomiting blood.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 88)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quileute Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes roasted, peeled and the centers eaten.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quinault Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes roasted, peeled and the centers eaten.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Salish, Coast Food (Unspecified)
New shoots and rhizomes used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 68)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cowlitz Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to cover camas while baking.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Karok Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to clean eel's blood from butchered eel.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 20)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Containers)
Fronds used as covering for fungus placed on hot stones to make a red paint.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 263)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Fronds placed in layers below and above food in steaming pits.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 62)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Water Indicator)
Ferns considered to be a sign of water when travelling through the mountains.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 18)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quileute Other (Cleaning Agent)
Leaves used to wipe fish.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Shuswap Other (Protection)
Used to cover berry baskets.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 49)
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Subarctic Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Febrifuge)
Infusion of rhizomes and whole New England aster plant taken by mothers with intestinal fevers.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 34)
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Subarctic Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Reproductive Aid)
Infusion of plant, vinegar bark and flower stalks taken to prevent women's water from breaking.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 34)
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Subarctic Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Venereal Aid)
Infusion of rhizomes and sensitive fern used by men with venereal diseases.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 34)
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. cyclosorum (Rupr.) C. Christens.
Subarctic Ladyfern; Dryopteridaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Eye Medicine)
Simple or compound decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 48)
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
Brittle Bladderfern; Dryopteridaceae
Navajo, Ramah Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Cold, compound infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for injury.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 11)
Cystopteris protrusa (Weatherby) Blasdell
Lowland Bladderfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Febrifuge)
Compound infusion given for chills.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Diplazium meyenianum K. Presl
Meyen's Twinsorus Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Hawaiian Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Young shoots powdered, mixed with milk and nuts and applied to boils.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific Book House (p. 44)
Diplazium meyenianum K. Presl
Meyen's Twinsorus Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Hawaiian Food (Unspecified)
Young shoots used for food.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific Book House (p. 44)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Costanoan Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of fronds used as a hair wash.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 5)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Mewuk Drug (Antiemetic)
Decoction of roots taken for vomiting.
Merriam, C. Hart 1966 Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley (p. 366)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Mewuk Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Decoction of roots taken for spitting blood and other internal bleeding.
Merriam, C. Hart 1966 Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley (p. 366)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Costanoan Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes gathered in spring and eaten.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 247)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Rootstocks used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 88)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Yurok Food (Cooking Agent)
Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 28)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Karok Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to clean eels.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 28)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Yurok Other (Containers)
Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 28)
Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt
Coastal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Yurok Other (Designs)
Spores used to make designs on hands.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 28)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Eskimo, Western Drug (Analgesic)
Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.
Lantis, Margaret 1959 Folk Medicine and Hygiene. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75 (p. 5)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Eskimo, Western Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort.
Lantis, Margaret 1959 Folk Medicine and Hygiene. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75 (p. 5)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Hesquiat Drug (Cancer Treatment)
Young shoots used cancer of the womb.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 29)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food (Ice Cream)
Boiled roots added to "Eskimo ice cream."
Wilson, Michael R. 1978 Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut. The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196 (p. 193)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes cooked in steaming pits and used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 264)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Salish, Coast Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Fuel)
Thin, wiry roots used as the burning material in a "slow match."
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 264)
Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson
Mountain Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Fronds placed in layers below and above food in steaming pits.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 62)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs
Spinulose Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Antidote)
Root eaten as an antidote for poison from eating shellfish in early summer.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 48)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs
Spinulose Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Alaska Native Food (Unspecified)
Old leaf stalks on the underground stem roasted, peeled and the inner portion eaten.
Heller, Christine A. 1953 Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska (p. 29)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs
Spinulose Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Alaska Native Food (Vegetable)
Young, curled fronds boiled or steamed & eaten like asparagus with butter, margarine or cream sauce.
Heller, Christine A. 1953 Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska (p. 29)
Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray
Crested Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion of root used for stomach trouble.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 381)
Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
Spreading Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Klallam Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of pounded roots applied to cuts.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
Spreading Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Snohomish Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of leaves used as a hair wash.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
Spreading Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Clallam Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes used for food.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210 (p. 194)
Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
Spreading Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cowlitz Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes pit baked overnight and the insides used for food.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 14)
Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
Spreading Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Eskimo, Alaska Food (Soup)
Fiddleheads, with the chaffy coverings removed, added to soups.
Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager 1980 Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48 (p. 34)
Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
Spreading Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Eskimo, Alaska Food (Unspecified)
Fiddleheads, with the chaffy coverings removed, boiled and eaten with seal oil and dried fish.
Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager 1980 Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48 (p. 34)
Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy
Spreading Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Rootstocks used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 88)
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
Male Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Antidote)
Rhizomes eaten raw to neutralize plant and shellfish poisoning.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
Male Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Anthelmintic)
Infusion of root taken for worms.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
Male Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Bella Coola Food (Dietary Aid)
Rhizomes eaten raw for losing weight.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
Male Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Bella Coola Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes eaten raw or steamed.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 197)
Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott
Fragrant Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Eskimo, Inuktitut Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Used for bedding.
Wilson, Michael R. 1978 Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut. The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196 (p. 184)
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray
Marginal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antirheumatic (Internal))
Infusion of root used alone or in a compound for rheumatism.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray
Marginal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of root taken as an emetic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray
Marginal Woodfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Toothache Remedy)
Warm infusion held in mouth for toothache.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 34)
Dryopteris sp.
Wood Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Kitasoo Drug (Antidote)
Rhizomes used as an antidote for food poisoning.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 312)
Dryopteris sp.
Wood Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food (Forage)
Rootstocks eaten by mountain goats.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 149)
Dryopteris sp.
Wood Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Hanaksiala Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes, rootstocks and stipe bases steamed and eaten.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 149)
Dryopteris sp.
Wood Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Kitasoo Food (Vegetable)
Rhizomes and stipe bases used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 312)
Dryopteris sp.
Wood Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Oweekeno Food (Unspecified)
Roots used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 53)
Dryopteris sp.
Shield Ferns; Dryopteridaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Rootstocks used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 88)
Dryopteris sp.
; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111 (p. 82)
Dryopteris sp.
Wood Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other (Containers)
Fronds used to pack freshly caught salmon to prevent them from drying out.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 149)
Dryopteris sp.
Wood Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Oweekeno Other (Ceremonial Items)
Roots used as a shamanistic device in the tsaika ritual.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 53)
Gymnocarpium disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching
Pacific Oakfern; Dryopteridaceae
Abnaki Drug (Other)
Used as a demulcent.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 155)
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman
Western Oakfern; Dryopteridaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Water Indicator)
Ferns considered to be a sign of water when travelling through the mountains.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 18)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
Ostrich Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of leaf stalk base from the sterile frond taken to speed expulsion of the afterbirth.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 44)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
Ostrich Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Decoction of leaf stalk base from the sterile frond taken for back pain.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 44)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Antirheumatic (Internal))
Used for arthritis and infection.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Blood Medicine)
Infusion of rhizomes given to children when "the blood doesn't have a determined path."
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 34)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Blood Medicine)
Fermented compound decoction taken before meals and bed to "make blood."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 254)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Blood Medicine)
Compound decoction of roots taken for "cold in blood."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 255)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Blood Medicine)
Decoction used as a hair wash and taken for the blood which caused the hair to fall out.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 255)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of plant top used for deep cuts.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Used "for trouble with the intestines, when you catch cold and get inflated and sore."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 255)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of root taken for pain after childbirth.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 254)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of whole plant or roots applied to full, non-flowing breasts.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 254)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of roots taken for fertility in women and the blood.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 255)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of roots taken to give strength after childbirth.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 255)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction taken to start menses and for swellings, cramps and sore abdomen.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 255)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Infusion of rhizomes given to children when "the blood doesn't have a determined path."
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 34)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Compound decoction of roots taken during the early stages of consumption.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Venereal Aid)
Infusion of plant and female fern rhizomes used by men for venereal diseases.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 34)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Venereal Aid)
Compound decoction used for venereal disease.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 254)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Venereal Aid)
Cold, compound infusion of plant washed on sores and taken for gonorrhea.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 255)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of powdered, dried root used by patients with caked breast for milk flow.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 382)
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Sensitive Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Food (Vegetable)
Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.
Waugh, F. W. 1916 Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines (p. 118)
Onoclea sp.
; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Made into pillows and used by children under their lower backs to prevent bed wetting.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111 (p. 82)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Compound decoction of root applied with warm hands for rheumatism.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 8)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Roots used in "medicine rubbed on skin for rheumatism after scratching."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Decoction of roots rubbed on area affected by rheumatism.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University (p. 3)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antirheumatic (Internal))
Infusion taken for rheumatism.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Emetic)
Roots used as an ingredient in an emetic and infusion taken for rheumatism.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Febrifuge)
Compound decoction taken for chills and infusion taken for fever.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Cold infusion of root used for "stomachache or bowel complaint."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Infusion taken for pneumonia.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Drug (Toothache Remedy)
Compound decoction used for toothache and chills.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Analgesic)
Decoction of plant used by children for cramps.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Anticonvulsive)
Poultice of wet, smashed roots used on children's back and head for convulsions.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Compound decoction taken for diarrhea.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Infusion of smashed roots used as a foot soak for "rheumatism" in back and legs.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Blood Medicine)
Cold, compound decoction taken for weak blood and as a blood purifier.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of wet, smashed roots used on children's back and head for red spots.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of roots taken as an emetic for dyspepsia and consumption.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Febrifuge)
Decoction of vine with small leaves used for children with fevers.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Plant taken before and after baby to clean womb.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Roots used as a "Lady's medicine" for the insides.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Poultice applied to back and feet for spinal trouble and sore back of babies.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Decoction of plant used by children for cramps.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Decoction of vine with small leaves used for children with fevers.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Poultice applied to back and feet for spinal trouble and sore back of babies.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 256)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Poultice of wet, smashed roots used on children's back and head for convulsions.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Poultice of wet, smashed roots used on children's back and head for red spots.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Stimulant)
Decoction of plant given to children (sometimes mother too) for listlessness.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Throat Aid)
Powder inhaled and coughed up by a man who can't talk.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of roots taken as an emetic for consumption.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Iroquois Drug (Venereal Aid)
Compound decoction used as a blood purifier and for venereal disease.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 257)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Malecite Drug (Throat Aid)
Roots chewed and used for hoarseness.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs. Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 247)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Micmac Drug (Throat Aid)
Roots used for hoarseness.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 59)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Christmas Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Cherokee Food (Unspecified)
Fiddle heads used for food.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 33)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Costanoan Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes eaten, boiled or baked in coals.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 247)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Costanoan Other (Cooking Tools)
Fronds used to line earth ovens.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 247)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cowlitz Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of stems used as a wash for sores.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Hesquiat Drug (Cancer Treatment)
Young shoots or fiddleheads chewed for cancer of the womb.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 32)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Boughs placed under bed of young girl to have as many children as plants.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 265)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Lummi Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Leaves chewed by women to facilitate childbirth.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quileute Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores and boils.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quinault Drug (Burn Dressing)
Poultice of spore sacs from the leaves applied to burns.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quinault Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of roots used as a wash for dandruff.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Swinomish Drug (Throat Aid)
Raw plant chewed and eaten for sore throats or tonsillitis.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Thompson Drug (Hunting Medicine)
Plant rubbed on the hands to bring luck in whaling and sturgeon fishing.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 89)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Klallam Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes boiled and eaten.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Food (Unspecified)
Basal leaves and rhizomes steamed, peeled and used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 265)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Food (Spice)
Leaves used to steam salmonberry sprouts on hot rocks, to give the sprouts flavor.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 221)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Food (Unspecified)
Roots steamed or cooked in a pit.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 221)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes boiled and eaten.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Food (Unspecified)
Large rootstocks steam cooked and eaten in summer.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 62)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quileute Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes peeled, pit baked and eaten with fresh or dried salmon eggs.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quinault Food (Unspecified)
Rhizomes pit baked on hot rocks and used for food.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Rootstocks used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 89)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cowlitz Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Leaves tied with maple bark and used for mattresses.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Hesquiat Fiber (Clothing)
Long, straight fronds worn as head decoration when visiting another place and bringing gifts.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 32)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Hesquiat Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Long, straight fronds used as bedding before mats or mattresses were used.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 32)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Fronds laid side by side several layers thick and used as a "place mat" for food at feasts.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 62)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Oweekeno Fiber (Clothing)
Leaves used to make a "hula hula skirt" as part of the costume of some male, tsaika dancers.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 56)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Oweekeno Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Leaves used as a mat under fish when cleaning and cutting.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 56)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quileute Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Leaves used for mattresses.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Salish, Coast Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Large, fleshy leaves used to cover floors.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Yurok Fiber (Mats, Rugs & Bedding)
Leaves used for bedding.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 46)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Chehalis Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to line pits when baking camas.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Clallam Other (Toys & Games)
Leaves used in a children's game.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210 (p. 194)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Cowlitz Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to line pits when baking camas or wapatoo.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Hesquiat Other (Containers)
Long, straight fronds used on the ground under fish and other foods to keep them clean.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 32)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Karok Other (Toys & Games)
Fronds used in a game played by adults of both sexes to see who had the longest wind.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 378)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Klallam Other (Toys & Games)
Leaves pulled off the plants by children playing an endurance game.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl Other (Ceremonial Items)
Plant used as a charm to call the northwest wind.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 265)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Containers)
Leaves used to line food storage boxes, berry picking baskets and berry drying racks.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 265)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to line steaming pits.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 265)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 221)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to wipe salmon.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 221)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to line pits when steaming sprouts.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Other (Toys & Games)
Fronds used in the game, pile pile.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 221)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Makah Other (Toys & Games)
Leaves pulled off the plants by children playing an endurance game.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Fronds placed below and above food in steaming pits.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 62)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 221)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Other (Toys & Games)
Fronds used in games.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 62)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Nitinaht Other (Toys & Games)
Fronds used in the game, pile pile.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 221)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Oweekeno Other (Containers)
Leaves used as a liner for oolichan bins and pits.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 56)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Paiute Other (Decorations)
Plant used to decorate graves.
Mahar, James Michael. 1953 Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. Reed College, B.A. Thesis (p. 36)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Paiute Other (Toys & Games)
Kids played with it as a feather.
Mahar, James Michael. 1953 Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. Reed College, B.A. Thesis (p. 36)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Pomo Other (Cooking Tools)
Fronds used for lining the top and bottom of an earth oven in baking acorn bread.
Gifford, E. W. 1967 Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo. Anthropological Records 25:10-15 (p. 11)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Pomo Other (Cooking Tools)
Fronds used as a lining for an acorn-leaching basin.
Gifford, E. W. 1967 Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo. Anthropological Records 25:10-15 (p. 11)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Other (Cooking Tools)
Fronds used to line an earth baking oven or sand leaching basin.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (p. 47)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quileute Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to line pits when baking camas.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Quinault Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to line pits when baking rhizomes or camas.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Saanich Other (Ceremonial Items)
Fronds used during initiation dances.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Salish, Coast Other (Cooking Tools)
Large, fleshy leaves used for laying food on and for spreading on berry drying racks.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 69)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Squaxin Other (Containers)
Leaves spread on racks for berries to dry.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 13)
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern; Dryopteridaceae
Thompson Other (Containers)
Rootstocks used to line the steaming pits for cooking "Indian potatoes" and other root type foods.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 89)
Woodsia neomexicana Windham
New Mexico Cliff Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Keres, Western Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of plant used as a douche at childbirth.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 74)
Woodsia neomexicana Windham
New Mexico Cliff Fern; Dryopteridaceae
Navajo, Ramah Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Cold, compound infusion taken and used as a lotion for injury, a "life medicine."
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 11)
Woodsia scopulina D.C. Eat.
Rocky Mountain Woodsia; Dryopteridaceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Water Indicator)
Ferns considered to be a sign of water when travelling through the mountains.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 18)