(database accessed August 2005)
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott
Giant Taro; Araceae
Hawaiian Drug (Analgesic)
Plant, other plants & water taken as a laxative & an appetizer
for acute pain in stomach or bowels.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific
Book House (p. 17)
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott
Giant Taro; Araceae
Hawaiian Drug (Burn Dressing)
Plant made into a salve and used on burns.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific Book House (p. 17)
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott
Giant Taro; Araceae
Hawaiian Drug (Dietary Aid)
Plant, other plants & water taken as a laxative & an appetizer for acute pain in stomach or bowels.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific Book House (p. 17)
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott
Giant Taro; Araceae
Hawaiian Drug (Laxative)
Plant, other plants & water taken as a laxative & an appetizer for acute pain in stomach or bowels.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific Book House (p. 17)
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott
Giant Taro; Araceae
Hawaiian Drug (Love Medicine)
Plant used as a stimulant, effecting a constant reminder to the one desired of his or her presence.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific Book House (p. 17)
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott
Greendragon; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Plant used for "female disorders."
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 23)
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott
Greendragon; Araceae
Menominee Other (Sacred Items)
Root used in sacred bundles and gave the power of supernatural dreams to the owner.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 79)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of root used for headaches and various skin diseases.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Carminative)
Used as a carminative.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Cold Remedy)
Taken for colds.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Cough Medicine)
Taken for dry coughs.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Ointment used for "scald head," ringworm, tetterworm and "scrofulous sores."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of beaten, boiled roots mixed with meal and used on boils.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Diaphoretic)
Used as a diaphoretic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Expectorant)
Used as an expectorant.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Used as a liniment.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Stimulant)
Used as a stimulant.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion taken for throat irritations.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Cherokee Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Given for "consumptions" and ointment used on "scrofulous sores."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Chippewa Drug (Eye Medicine)
Decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 360)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Analgesic)
Compound snuff used for headaches.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Analgesic)
Decoction or infusion of roots taken for pains.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Decoction of plant given to children for diarrhea.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Blood Medicine)
Cold infusion of roots taken "for nonconception caused by cold blood."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant used for face sores and hot poultice of plant applied to bruises.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Eye Medicine)
Steam from decoction of plant used for sore eyes.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Febrifuge)
Compound decoction steam used "when a person has cold sweats, not very sick."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Cold infusion of roots taken "for nonconception caused by cold blood."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Nose Medicine)
Steam from decoction of plant used to "make you sneeze."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Compound infusion of powdered plants taken for cramps.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Hot poultice of plant applied to bruises and for lameness.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Compound of powdered plant and alcohol used as a liniment for sore joints.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Decoction of plant given to children for diarrhea.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Infusion of roots used as a wash for listless babies.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Compound of chopped root and whisky taken for bronchial colds.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Compound snuff used for catarrh.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Stimulant)
Infusion of roots used as a wash for listless babies.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Compound decoction used as poultice for infected and swollen tubercular glands.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 276)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Ground plant added to mare's feed to induce pregnancy and reduce listlessness.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 275)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Malecite Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of dried, pounded plants used for abscesses and boils.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs. Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 247)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Eye Medicine)
Poultice of pulverized root applied to sore eyes.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 23)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Witchcraft Medicine)
Compounded pulverized root used in lip incision to counteract "witchery" to face.
Densmore, Francis 1932 Menominee Music. SI-BAE Bulletin #102 (p. 129)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Ceremonial Medicine)
Seed used as a magical diagnostic medicine to predict recovery or death.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 202)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Poison)
Finely chopped root put in meat for enemies, to cause pain and death.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 202)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Poison)
Root cooked with meat used in abandoned vessels to poison enemy during war.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 272)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Sedative)
Compound used in very small doses for insomnia.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 202)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Snake Bite Remedy)
Root used for rattlesnake bite swellings.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 202)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Micmac Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Parts of plant used for boils and abscesses.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 55)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Micmac Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Parts of plant used as a liniment used for external use.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 55)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of dried root used as a liniment for pain.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 70, 128)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Infusion of dried root used as a liniment for pain.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 70, 128)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Infusion of plant used as a liniment.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1928 Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions. SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270 (p. 269)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Poison)
Infusion of plant poisonous when taken internally.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1928 Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions. SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270 (p. 269)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Poison)
Infusion of root, poisonous if swallowed, gargled for sore throat.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 70)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Throat Aid)
Infusion of root taken for sore throat.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1928 Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions. SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270 (p. 269)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Throat Aid)
Dilute infusion of root gargled for sore throat.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 70, 128)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Ojibwa Drug (Eye Medicine)
Root used for sore eyes.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 356)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Ojibwa Drug (Unspecified)
Plant used for medicinal purposes.
Reagan, Albert B. 1928 Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota. Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248 (p. 246)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Pawnee Drug (Analgesic)
Crushed corm sprinkled on head and temples for headache and general pain.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 69)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Pawnee Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Poultice of pulverized corm applied as counterirritant for rheumatism.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 69)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Penobscot Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Infusion of plant used as a liniment "for general external use."
Speck, Frank G. 1917 Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321 (p. 310)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Penobscot Drug (Poison)
Infusion of plant considered poisonous.
Speck, Frank G. 1917 Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321 (p. 310)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Rappahannock Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Compound dried root meal poultice applied for swelling and boils.
Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter 1942 Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures. Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55. (p. 32)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Potawatomi Food (Unspecified)
Thinly sliced roots cooked in a pit oven for three days to eliminate the poison.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 95)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Pawnee Other (Toys & Games)
Seeds used in gourd shells to make rattles.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 69)
Arisaema triphyllum ssp. quinatum (Buckl.) Huttleston
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Choctaw Drug (Blood Medicine)
Decoction of root taken "to make blood."
Bushnell, Jr., David I. 1909 The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. SI-BAE Bulletin #48 (p. 23)
Arisaema triphyllum ssp. quinatum (Buckl.) Huttleston
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Choctaw Drug (Blood Medicine)
Decoction of plant taken to make blood.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University (p. 6)
Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum
Jack In The Pulpit; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Contraceptive)
Infusion of rhizomes used by women for temporary sterility.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 69)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Aerial stems used for sore legs.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 33)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Poison)
Plant poisonous to touch and eat.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 33)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Decoction of root taken for hemorrhage.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 53)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Eye Medicine)
Decoction of root taken for "cleaning the eyes of the blind."
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 53)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Decoction of roots taken for influenza and hemorrhage.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 53)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Decoction of root taken for shortness of breath.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 53)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Tonic)
Plant used in a spiritual spring tonic.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson 1988 Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing. Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33 (p. 26)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Snake Bite Remedy)
Compound decoction of roots and stems used as poultice on snake bites.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 278)
Calla palustris L.
Water Arum; Araceae
Potawatomi Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of pounded root applied to swellings.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 40)
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Coco Yam; Araceae
Hawaiian Drug (Laxative)
Flesh and other plants pounded, squeezed and resulting liquid taken as a laxative.
Akana, Akaiko 1922 Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value. Honolulu: Pacific Book House (p. 47)
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Coco Yam; Araceae
Hawaiian Drug (Unspecified)
Plant used to make a draught and given to the sick.
Malo, David 1903 Hawaiian Antiquities. Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd. (p. 67)
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Coco Yam; Araceae
Hawaiian Food (Unspecified)
Roots beaten into poi and eaten.
Malo, David 1903 Hawaiian Antiquities. Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd. (p. 67)
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Coco Yam; Araceae
Hawaiian Food (Unspecified)
Plant mixed with coconut meat and eaten.
Malo, David 1903 Hawaiian Antiquities. Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd. (p. 67)
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Coco Yam; Araceae
Hawaiian Food (Vegetable)
Leaves and stems cooked and eaten as greens.
Malo, David 1903 Hawaiian Antiquities. Honolulu. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd. (p. 67)
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Coco Yam; Araceae
Seminole Food (Unspecified)
Plant used for food.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 465)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Bella Coola Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of root taken for stomach trouble.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Clallam Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of roots used for sores.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210 (p. 196)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Cowlitz Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Poultice of heated blossoms applied to the body for rheumatism.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Compound containing root used as plaster on the chest for lung hemorrhages.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Compound containing root used for rheumatism.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Poultice applied or leaves sat on or lain on in sweatbath for rheumatism.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Antirheumatic (Internal))
Smoke of root inhaled for influenza, rheumatism and bad dreams.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Simple or compound poultice of mashed root applied for blood poisoning and boils.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Smoke from burning roots inhaled for influenza and bad dreams.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Poison)
Roots considered poisonous.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Compound containing root used as plaster on the chest for lung hemorrhages.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Gitksan Drug (Sedative)
Smoke of root inhaled for bad dreams, influenza and rheumatism.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68 (p. 52, 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug (Burn Dressing)
Poultice of pounded root paste applied to burns.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 189)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug (Urinary Aid)
Roots used experimentally for bloody urine.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 189)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hesquiat Drug (Burn Dressing)
Poultice of cold and fresh leaves applied for burns.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 78)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hesquiat Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of cool leaves used for bad burns.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 48)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hesquiat Drug (Unspecified)
Roots used as a medicine.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 48)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Klallam Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of baked roots applied to carbuncles.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Klallam Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Poultice of leaves applied to parts of the body sore with scrofula.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of leaf, oil, down and Douglas fir bark applied to carbuncles.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 270)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Heated leaves used to draw out thorns and splinters.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of steamed, mashed roots applied to swellings.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of washed, heated leaves applied to boils, carbuncles and sores.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Pulverized root rubbed into a child's head to make his hair grow.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Herbal Steam)
Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness or undefined sickness.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Pulverized root rubbed into a child's head to make his hair grow.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Stimulant)
Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Other)
Leaves used in a sweatbath for undefined sickness.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Abortifacient)
Roots chewed to induce an abortion.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 78)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Abortifacient)
Raw root chewed by women to effect an abortion.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Analgesic)
Warmed leaves applied to chest for pain.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 78)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of warmed leaves applied for chest pain.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Roots used for arthritis.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 336)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Blood Medicine)
Decoction of roots taken as a blood purifier.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Root chewed to soothe the stomach after taking an emetic.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Poultice of warmed leaves applied for chest pain.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Drug (Unspecified)
Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 336)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Nitinaht Drug (Burn Dressing)
Poultice of one leaf applied for severe burns.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 78)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Drug (Analgesic)
Leaves used for headaches.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of leaves applied to cuts and swellings.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Drug (Febrifuge)
Leaves used for fevers.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of pounded root taken to bring about easy delivery.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quinault Drug (Panacea)
Poultice of leaves applied for many ailments.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quinault Drug (Urinary Aid)
Decoction of roots taken to clean out the bladder.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Samish Drug (Other)
Infusion of roots used as a wash for invalids.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Shuswap Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Shuswap Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of leaves applied to sores.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Shuswap Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Shuswap Drug (Panacea)
Cold infusion of roots taken for any sickness.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 53)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Skokomish Drug (Analgesic)
Leaves used for headaches.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Skokomish Drug (Cathartic)
Infusion of roots taken as a physic.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Skokomish Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of leaves applied to cuts and swellings.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Skokomish Drug (Febrifuge)
Leaves used for fevers.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Swinomish Drug (Other)
Infusion of roots used as a wash for invalids.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Thompson Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Powdered, charred rhizome mixed with bear grease, used as an ointment for animal bites & infections.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 113)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Thompson Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Charcoal used for wounds.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 113)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Thompson Drug (Psychological Aid)
Leaves placed under pillows during sleep or the head washed with charcoal to induce "power dreams."
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 113)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tolowa Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tolowa Drug (Other)
Roots used in a steam for stroke.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Yurok Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Yurok Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Roots used in a steam for stroke.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Cowlitz Food (Unspecified)
Blossoms cooked overnight and eaten no more than two or three at a time, otherwise one became sick.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food (Forage)
Roots eaten by black and grizzly bears after hibernation, to cleanse and strengthen their stomachs.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 189)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hesquiat Food (Forage)
Roots eaten by deer and bear.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 48)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hoh Food (Forage)
Plants eaten by bears in spring.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hoh Food (Spice)
Leaves placed over roasting camas, wild onion or garlic for flavoring.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Okanagan-Colville Food (Forage)
Flower stalks sucked by grizzly and black bears.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 35)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Oweekeno Food (Forage)
Roots eaten by bears after emerging from hibernation.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 76)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Food (Forage)
Plants eaten by bears in spring.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Food (Spice)
Leaves placed over roasting camas, wild onion or garlic for flavoring.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Food (Unspecified)
Root cooked and eaten.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Skokomish Food (Unspecified)
Young leaves steamed and eaten.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tolowa Food (Unspecified)
Root centers eaten after boiling eight times.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Yurok Food (Unspecified)
Root centers eaten after boiling eight times.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Bella Coola Other (Containers)
Large leaves folded and used as berry containers.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 198)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Bella Coola Other (Cooking Tools)
Large leaves folded and used as drinking cups, as covering for drying cakes and to line pits.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 198)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to wrap western hemlock cambium, bear meat and porcupine meat while cooking.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 189)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used as a mat when drying berries.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 189)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hesquiat Other (Containers)
Leaves used as sheets to dry berries.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 48)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hoh Other (Containers)
Leaves wrapped around cooked fruits and buried in swampy regions for preservation.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Hoh Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to wrap red elderberries during baking.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kitasoo Other (Toys & Games)
Spadices on sticks thrown by children in distance contests.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 320)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Containers)
Leaves used to cover baskets of stink currants.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 286)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Containers)
Leaves used to cover baskets of freshly picked berries.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used for drying salal berry cakes.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 282)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used with green grass leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 285)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to wrap wild clover roots for baking, boiling and steaming.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 285)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used for steam cooking salmon.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 271)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Other (Containers)
Leaves used for drying salal berries and to line berry baskets.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Makah Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to cover sprouts while cooking.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 336)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Nitinaht Other (Containers)
Large, waxy leaves used as berry containers and for wrapping leftover food.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 78)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to make rectangular drying frames for drying mashed salal berries.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 105)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Large, waxy leaves used as plates, drinking cups, berry drying racks and steam pit covers.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie 1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 78)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Okanagan-Colville Other (Containers)
Leaves placed over and under the food in steaming pit cooking.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 35)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Oweekeno Other (Containers)
Leaves used to line berry baskets to prevent the berries from falling through holes in the baskets.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 76)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Oweekeno Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves folded into makeshift cups.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 76)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Other (Containers)
Leaves wrapped around cooked fruits and buried in swampy regions for preservation.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Other (Containers)
Leaves used to wrap salal and elder berries while drying.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to wrap red elderberries during baking.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Quileute Other (Good Luck Charm)
Leaves placed under canoe bow pieces to make seals easier to catch.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Salish, Coast Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to make water dippers on camping trips.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 73)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Samish Other (Containers)
Large leaves doubled or rolled and used as cups for drinking or picking berries.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Swinomish Other (Containers)
Large leaves doubled or rolled and used as cups for drinking or picking berries.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 22)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Thompson Other (Protection)
Charcoal used as protection against "witchcraft."
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 113)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tolowa Other (Containers)
Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tolowa Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tsimshian Other (Containers)
Leaves used to line cooking pits.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 320)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tsimshian Other (Containers)
Leaves used to cover and wrap foods during collection, transit, storage or cooking.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 320)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Tsimshian Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used as an underlay for drying berries.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 320)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Yurok Other (Containers)
Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John
American Skunkcabbage; Araceae
Yurok Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis (p. 38)
Lysichiton sp.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Poliklah Other (Containers)
Leaves used as a temporary lining for open work baskets when used to hold berries.
Merriam, C. Hart 1966 Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley (p. 173)
Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott
Green Arrow Arum; Araceae
Nanticoke Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Grated root in milk given to babies for unspecified purpose.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 58)
Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott
Green Arrow Arum; Araceae
Nanticoke Drug (Unspecified)
Grated root in milk given to babies for unspecified purpose.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 58)
Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott
Green Arrow Arum; Araceae
Seminole Food (Unspecified)
Plant used for food.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 494)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Abnaki Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Used for swellings.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore 11:145-182 (p. 153)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Chippewa Drug (Cough Medicine)
Infusion of roots taken as a cough medicine.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1933 Some Chippewa Uses of Plants. Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press (p. 124)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Delaware Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of crushed leaves applied for pain.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 37)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Delaware Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Small portions of leaves chewed for epilepsy.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 37)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Delaware Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Infusion of roots used for whooping cough.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 37)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of crushed leaves applied for pain.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 31, 80)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug (Anticonvulsive)
Leaves chewed by epileptics.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 31, 80)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug (Cough Medicine)
Infusion of root taken for whooping cough.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 31, 80)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Anthelmintic)
Plant used for children with worms.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 278)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Steam from compound decoction of roots used for rheumatism.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice used on bite from a fight or dog and caused the biter's teeth to fall out.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant used for bad wounds.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 278)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Compound decoction of upper parts and seeds taken for "falling of the womb."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of crushed stalks used as a douche for displacement of womb.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Gynecological Aid)
"Pass seed over female genitals to bring about childbirth."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 278)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Used for children with worms.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 278)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of powdered root taken for consumption.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Drug (Witchcraft Medicine)
Poultice used on bite from a fight or dog and caused the biter's teeth to fall out.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Malecite Drug (Unspecified)
Used for medicines.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1952 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7 (p. 6)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Adjuvant)
Root used as a seasoner with medicines.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 23, 24)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Analgesic)
Root used for cramps.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 23, 24)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Anticonvulsive)
Compound infusion of dried, powdered root used by children and adults for convulsions.
Densmore, Francis 1932 Menominee Music. SI-BAE Bulletin #102 (p. 128,129)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of dried root applied to wounds.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 23, 24)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Heart Medicine)
Decoction of root used for "weak heart."
Densmore, Francis 1932 Menominee Music. SI-BAE Bulletin #102 (p. 128,129)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Hemostat)
Root hairs used for hemorrhages.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 23, 24)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Compound infusion used by children or adults for convulsions.
Densmore, Francis 1932 Menominee Music. SI-BAE Bulletin #102 (p. 128)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Menominee Drug (Witchcraft Medicine)
Root used in tattooing, as a talisman against the return of diseases.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 23, 24)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of leaf bases applied to swellings.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 203)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Toothache Remedy)
Fine rootlets or root hairs used for toothache.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 203)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Meskwaki Drug (Unspecified)
Seeds used as medicine.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 203)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Micmac Drug (Analgesic)
Herbs used for headache.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68 (p. 62)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Anticonvulsive)
Raw leaves rolled and chewed for fits.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1928 Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions. SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270 (p. 268)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Mohegan Drug (Anticonvulsive)
Small piece of leaf eaten for epileptic seizures.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 75, 132)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Nanticoke Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of leaves taken as a cold medicine.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1942 A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission (p. 55, 84)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Food (Vegetable)
Young leaves and shoots cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.
Waugh, F. W. 1916 Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines (p. 118)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Skunk Cabbage; Araceae
Iroquois Other (Soap)
Infusion of powdered root used as wash to "cure strong smell under your arm."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 277)
Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch & Bouché
Yautia Amarilla; Araceae
Seminole Food (Unspecified)
Plant used for food.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 465)
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