355 entries
(database accessed August 2005)
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.
European Alder; Betulaceae
Rappahannock Drug (Panacea)
Infusion of bark used according to diagnosis.
Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter 1942 Rappahannock
Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures. Proceedings of the Delaware
County Institute of Science 10:7-55. (p. 31)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Unspecified)
Cones used for medicine.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of
British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 202)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken for scrofula.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Drug (Blood Medicine)
Infusion of bark taken for anemia.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1933 Some Chippewa Uses of Plants. Ann Arbor.
University of Michigan Press (p. 128)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Drug (Emetic)
Compound decoction of scraped inner bark taken as an emetic.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE
Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 346)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Drug (Eye Medicine)
Compound decoction of root used as a wash or compress for sore eyes.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE
Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 360)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of root with powdered bumblebees taken for difficult labor.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE
Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 358)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Eye Medicine)
Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for sore eyes.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Laxative)
Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of young plant taken for pain.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga.
Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72
(p. 38)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Urinary Aid)
Decoction of stems and couch grass rhizomes used for thick urine.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga.
Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72
(p. 38)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Kutenai Drug (Abortifacient)
Infusion of bark taken for menstrual regulation.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Malecite Drug (Oral Aid)
Bark chewed and used for ulcerated mouths.
Mechling, W.H. 1959 The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs.
Anthropologica 8:239-263 (p. 245)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Menominee Drug (Cold Remedy)
Infusion of root bark taken to congest loose mucous during a cold.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 26)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Menominee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of root bark used as an astringent, healing wash for sores.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 26)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Menominee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of inner bark applied to swellings.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 26)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Menominee Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Infusion of root bark used as a wash for horses with saddle gall.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 26)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Decoction of root given to children who pass blood in their stools.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 206)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Meskwaki Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Decoction of root given to children who pass blood in their stools.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 206)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Micmac Drug (Oral Aid)
Bark used for ulcerated mouth.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper 1979 Herbal
Remedies of the Maritime Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68
(p. 54)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Mohegan Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of twigs used as a liniment for pain of sprains, bruises,
backache and headache.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related
Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission
Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 69, 128)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Mohegan Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Infusion of twigs used as a liniment for sprain and backache pains.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys 1972 Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related
Algonkian Indians. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission
Anthropological Papers #3 (p. 69, 70)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Ojibwa Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of root taken as astringent and coagulant after bloody stools.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the
Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 358)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Infusion of bark taken for flux.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 43)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Juice of inner bark used as a wash for the itch.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 43)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of bark used for "flushing the vagina."
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 43)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Hemorrhoid Remedy)
Infusion of bark injected rectally for piles.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 43)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Powdered bark used as an astringent for horse galls.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 116)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Powdered inner bark sprinkled on galled spots on ponies.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 43)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Shuswap Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 59)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Shuswap Drug (Diaphoretic)
Decoction of bark taken to "sweat everything out."
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 59)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Shuswap Drug (Unspecified)
Decoction of bark taken for the body.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 59)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Dye (Yellow)
Inner bark used to make yellow dye.
Raymond, Marcel. 1945 Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De
Manouan. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal
55:113-134 (p. 119)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Dye (Orange)
Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Dye (Black)
Used with grindstone dust or black earth to make a black dye.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE
Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 372)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Dye (Red)
Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make
a red dye.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE
Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 371)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Dye (Red)
Bark boiled to make a bright red dye.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1933 Some Chippewa Uses of Plants. Ann Arbor.
University of Michigan Press (p. 128)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Chippewa Dye (Yellow)
Inner bark pounded, steeped and boiled to make a yellow dye.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE
Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 373)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Brown)
Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown
color of old moccasins.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Orange-Red)
Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Red-Brown)
Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Unspecified)
Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Unspecified)
Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Yellow)
Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Flathead Dye (Orange)
Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Flathead Dye (Red)
Bark used to make a flaming red hair dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Flathead Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Kutenai Dye (Orange)
Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Kutenai Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Menominee Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark boiled and cloth or material immersed in boiling liquid as a
reddish brown dye.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 78)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Navajo Dye (Red)
Powdered bark used as a reddish dye.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School
of American Research (p. 39)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Nez Perce Dye (Orange)
Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Nez Perce Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena.
Montana Historical Society Press (p. 5)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Ojibwa Dye (Yellow)
Inner bark used for dyeing light yellow or with other ingredients for
red, red brown or black.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the
Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 425)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Dye (Brown)
Bark used to obtain a brown dye.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 116)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Potawatomi Dye (Red)
Bark used to obtain a red dye.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians.
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 116)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Shuswap Dye (Unspecified)
Used for buckskin dye.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 59)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Caulking Material)
Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench
Mountain Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Snow Gear)
Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Abnaki Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Used for "slight" itches.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore
11:145-182 (p. 155)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Abnaki Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of plant, two other plants and Vaseline used as an ointment
for "slight" itches.
Rousseau, Jacques 1947 Ethnobotanique Abenakise. Archives de Folklore
11:145-182 (p. 165)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of inner bark taken as an emetic.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of
Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums
of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 153)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Laxative)
Infusion of inner bark taken as a laxative.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of
Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums
of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 153)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Algonquin, Quebec Drug (Toothache Remedy)
Root bark mixed with molasses and used for toothaches.
Black, Meredith Jean 1980 Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of
Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec. Ottawa. National Museums
of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65 (p. 153)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cathartic)
Infusion of roots taken as a cathartic by women during menses.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain
Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard
University (p. 14)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Emetic)
Decoction of inner bark taken to induce vomiting when unable to retain
food.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain
Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard
University (p. 14)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of roots taken as an emetic by women during menses.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain
Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard
University (p. 14)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Eye Medicine)
Infusion of bark rubbed into the eye for eye troubles.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain
Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard
University (p. 14)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of inner bark taken to induce vomiting when unable to retain
food.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain
Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard
University (p. 14)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during
menses.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain
Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard
University (p. 14)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Eye Medicine)
Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for sore eyes.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Laxative)
Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Compound decoction with twigs taken for internal hemorrhage.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University
of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 301)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Cathartic)
Decoction of young shoot bark taken as a physic.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University
of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 301)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Emetic)
Decoction of young shoot bark taken as a spring emetic.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University
of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 301)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Urinary Aid)
Infusion of bark or decoction of plant taken for urinating problems.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University
of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 301)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Venereal Aid)
Decoctions used internally or externally for venereal chancres or sores.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University
of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 301)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Iroquois Drug (Witchcraft Medicine)
Decoction used to paint a trap or bow and arrow as a charm to get game.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University
of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 301)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Menominee Drug (Alterative)
Infusion of inner bark used as an alterative.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of
the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 26)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Brown)
Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown
color of old moccasins.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Orange-Red)
Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Red-Brown)
Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Unspecified)
Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Unspecified)
Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Yellow)
Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Caulking Material)
Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi)
Clausen
Speckled Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Snow Gear)
Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Keres, Western Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark ground into a powder and used on open sores.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians.
University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 25)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of compound containing buds applied for lung or hip pains.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Poultice of compound containing buds applied to lung or hip pain.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Poultice of compound containing buds applied for lung pains.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Unspecified)
Cones used for an "unspecified complaint."
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken for scrofula.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta.
Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 32)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Hot drink made from bark taken for scrofula.
McClintock, Walter 1909 Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss
Indianer. Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9 (p. 275)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Eye Medicine)
Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for sore eyes.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Drug (Laxative)
Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Diuretic)
Catkins and shavings eaten raw or decoction taken as a diuretic for
gonorrhea.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Laxative)
Crushed pistillate catkins eaten raw as a laxative.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Unspecified)
Bark and other plants used to make a salve.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the
Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic
Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Venereal Aid)
Catkins and shavings eaten raw or decoction taken as a diuretic for
gonorrhea.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Dietary Aid)
Infusion of plant tops given to children with poor appetites.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany
of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington.
Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 87)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of plant tops and leaves taken after childbirth to "clean
out."
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany
of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington.
Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 87)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Infusion of plant tops given to children with poor appetites.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany
of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington.
Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 87)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Okanagan-Colville Drug (Toothache Remedy)
Burnt ashes used to clean the teeth.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany
of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington.
Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 87)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Sanpoil Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores and powder of sap wood used
on sores.
Ray, Verne F. 1932 The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of
Northeastern Washington. University of Washington Publications in
Anthropology, Vol. 5 (p. 220)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Keres, Western Dye (Red)
Soaked bark rubbed on buckskin as a red dye.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians.
University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 25)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Apache, White Mountain Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark used to dye deerskin and other skins a reddish brown.
Reagan, Albert B. 1929 Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians
of Arizona. Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61. (p. 155)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Dye (Orange)
Decoction of inner bark used to make a orange dye.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta.
Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 32)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Dye (Red-Brown)
Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta.
Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 32)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Brown)
Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown
color of old moccasins.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Orange-Red)
Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Red-Brown)
Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Unspecified)
Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Unspecified)
Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Dye (Yellow)
Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Isleta Dye (Red)
Root bark, mountain mahogany root bark and wild plum root bark used to
make a red dye for buckskin.
Jones, Volney H. 1931 The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians. University
of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 21)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Jemez Dye (Red)
Bark, mountain mahogany bark and birch bark boiled together and used as
red dye to paint moccasins.
Cook, Sarah Louise 1930 The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians.. University
of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 20)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Klamath Dye (Orange)
Fresh or dried bark boiled and used as an orange dye for coloring horse
hair ropes and cinches.
Coville, Frederick V. 1897 Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath
Indians Of Oregon.. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium
5(2):87-110 (p. 94)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Montana Indian Dye (Orange)
Decoction of inner bark used as an orange dye.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman.
Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 6)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Navajo Dye (Brown)
Powdered bark used as a tan dye.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School
of American Research (p. 39)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Navajo Dye (Brown)
Bark and twigs used as a brownish dye.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School
of American Research (p. 39)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Navajo Dye (Red)
Powdered bark used as a reddish dye.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School
of American Research (p. 39)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Navajo, Ramah Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark used to dye buckskin a reddish-brown color.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the
Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 30)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Okanagan-Colville Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany
of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington.
Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 87)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Tewa Dye (Red)
Bark dried, finely ground, boiled, cooled and used as a red dye for
deerskin.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco 1916 Ethnobotany
of the Tewa Indians. SI-BAE Bulletin #55 (p. 38)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Zuni Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark used to dye deerskin reddish-brown.
Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE
Annual Report #30 (p. 80)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Caulking Material)
Wood charcoal mixed with pitch and used for sealing canoe seams.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Cree, Woodlands Fiber (Snow Gear)
Decoction of bark applied to toboggan boards to soften them for bending.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of
East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury
Series (p. 27)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Fiber (Snow Gear)
Wood used to make snowshoes.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al.
1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia
Museum (p. 188)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Blackfoot Other (Stable Gear)
Bark split, covered with raw hide and used to make stirrups.
McClintock, Walter 1909 Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss
Indianer. Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9 (p. 275)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Montana Indian Other (Hide Preparation)
Bark used for tanning.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman.
Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 6)
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.)
Breitung
Thinleaf Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Wood used to make bows.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al.
1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia
Museum (p. 188)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Kawaiisu Drug (Unspecified)
Plant used as medicine.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City.
University of Utah Press (p. 10)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Decoction of dried bark taken for diarrhea.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Decoction of dried bark taken to check hemorrhages for consumption.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Blood Medicine)
Decoction of dried bark taken as a blood purifier.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Burn Dressing)
Poultice of dried wood applied to burns.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Diaphoretic)
Decoction of dried bark taken to perspire.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Emetic)
Decoction of dried bark taken as an emetic.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of dried bark taken for stomachaches.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Decoction of dried bark taken to facilitate childbirth.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of dried bark taken to check hemorrhages for consumption.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Pomo Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of bark used as a wash for babies with skin disease.
Gifford, E. W. 1967 Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo.
Anthropological Records 25:10-15 (p. 12)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Pomo Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Decoction of bark used as a wash for babies with skin disease.
Gifford, E. W. 1967 Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo.
Anthropological Records 25:10-15 (p. 12)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of bark used as wash for skin diseases: sores, diaper rash,
peeling or itching skin.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los
Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los
Angeles (p. 19)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Costanoan Food (Unspecified)
Inner bark used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California,
Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany
38(2):240-255 (p. 248)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Karok Food (Preservative)
Wood used to smoke salmon, eels and deer meat.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany.
Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 382)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Costanoan Dye (Unspecified)
Juice used as a dye.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California,
Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany
38(2):240-255 (p. 248)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Karok Dye (Unspecified)
Inner bark dried, ground, mixed with flour and water and used as a dye.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany.
Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 382)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Dye (Unspecified)
Fresh bark used as a dye to color basket material and deerskins.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Wailaki Dye (Red)
Fresh bark formerly chewed and used as a red dye to color fishermen's
bodies for successful fishing.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Roots used to make baskets.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany.
Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 382)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Kawaiisu Other (Hide Preparation)
Bark smoke used to tan white buckskin yellow.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City.
University of Utah Press (p. 10)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Other (Fuel)
Wood used for tinder.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Mendocino Indian Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Young shoots used to make arrows.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County,
California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408.
(p. 332)
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
White Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Other (Incense & Fragrance)
Stems sometimes used as a scent.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British
Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 503)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Drug (Cathartic)
Decoction of bark taken as a purgative.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Carrier, Northern Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion of ground inner bark injected for biliousness.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Carrier, Southern Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Sap applied to cuts and decoction of bark taken as a purgative.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Clallam Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Staminate aments chewed and used for sores.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of
Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes
14(2):192-210 (p. 198)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Clallam Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Pistillate aments chewed and used for the stomach.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of
Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes
14(2):192-210 (p. 198)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Clallam Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Pistillate aments chewed and used for the lungs.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of
Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes
14(2):192-210 (p. 198)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Cowlitz Drug (Analgesic)
Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease "aching bones."
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Cowlitz Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease "aching bones."
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Analgesic)
Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and
other maladies.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Cathartic)
Bark used as a purgative.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the
Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic
Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Cathartic)
Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and
other maladies.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Cough Medicine)
Decoction of bark and root taken in the morning for a cough.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and
other maladies.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Gitksan Drug (Unspecified)
Infusion of stem bark, not from root, taken for many maladies.
Smith, Harlan I. 1929 Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring
Tribes of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68
(p. 55)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Haisla Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Bark used to make a wound dressing and wash.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the
Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic
Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Haisla Drug (Tonic)
Bark used as a tonic.
Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. 1992 The Importance of Bark Products in the
Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Economic
Botany 46(2):148-157 (p. 152)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Hesquiat Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Decoction of bark used to make a medicine for internal ailments.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat
Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial
Museum (p. 62)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Hesquiat Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of bark used to make a medicine for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat
Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial
Museum (p. 62)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Hoh Drug (Unspecified)
Infusion of bark used for medicine.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians.
Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 61)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Klallam Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Catkins chewed for diarrhea.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of bark applied to sores and aches.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 279)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Bark held in women's mouth for blood spitting.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 279)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of bark applied or infusion of bark rubbed on sores, aches and
eczema.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 279)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis and asthma.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 279)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 279)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of bark taken or bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 279)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of bark, fresh sea wrack and black twinberry applied for aches
and pains.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 260)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for
bruises.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for
broken bones and ribs.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for
lung ailments.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for
tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Unspecified)
Bark used for medicine.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Drug (Internal Medicine)
Infusion of bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for
undiagnosed internal injuries.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of bark used as wash for skin diseases: sores, diaper rash,
peeling or itching skin.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los
Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los
Angeles (p. 19)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Quileute Drug (Antidiarrheal)
Raw cones eaten for dysentery.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Quileute Drug (Unspecified)
Infusion of bark used for medicine.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians.
Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 61)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Saanich Drug (Tonic)
Sap used as a tonic.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the
Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany
25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 79)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Swinomish Drug (Cold Remedy)
Decoction of bark taken for colds.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Swinomish Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Swinomish Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Swinomish Drug (Tuberculosis Remedy)
Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of bark used as a wash for scabby skin, eczema and skin sores.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al.
1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia
Museum (p. 188)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Drug (Toothache Remedy)
Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al.
1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia
Museum (p. 188)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Clallam Food (Sweetener)
Sap mixed with soapberry whip as a sweetener.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of
Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes
14(2):192-210 (p. 198)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food (Preservative)
Wood used to smoke fish and meat.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 224)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Salish, Coast Food (Unspecified)
Cambium eaten fresh with oil in spring.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the
Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany
25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 79)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Skagit, Upper Food (Unspecified)
Sap used for food.
Theodoratus, Robert J. 1989 Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the
Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley. Northwest
Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52 (p. 42)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Swinomish Food (Unspecified)
Sap taken from the inside of the bark only with the incoming tide and
used as food.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Dye (Red)
Bark used to make a red dye for cedar bark.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of
British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 202)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Hesquiat Dye (Red)
Boiled, steeped bark used as a red dye for cedar bark and other items.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat
Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial
Museum (p. 62)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye (Black)
Bark used to make a black dye.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 296)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye (Brown)
Bark used to make a brown dye.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 296)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye (Orange)
Bark used to make an orange dye.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 296)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye (Red)
Bark used to make a red dye.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 296)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Lummi Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible
to fish.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Dye (Brown)
Bark used as a brown dye for baskets.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Dye (Red)
Formerly used to make red basket dyes.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 79)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Dye (Red)
Infusion of crushed bark used to make different shades of red dye.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Oweekeno Dye (Red)
Bark used to make a red dye.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 86)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Quileute Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible
to fish.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Quinault Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible
to fish.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Salish, Coast Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark boiled to make a reddish brown dye and used to color fish nets,
baskets, canoes and head rings.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the
Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany
25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 79)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Snohomish Dye (Red-Brown)
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible
to fish.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Dye (Brown)
Bark boiled in water to make a brown dye and used for mountain goat
wool, cloth and other items.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al.
1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia
Museum (p. 188)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Dye (Red)
Bark used as a red dye.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British
Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 501)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Dye (Red)
Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool,
cloth and other items.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al.
1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia
Museum (p. 188)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Tolowa Dye (Unspecified)
Bark used to dye fibers.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok
Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis
(p. 16)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Wintoon Dye (Red)
Inner bark chewed and used as a dull red dye.
Merriam, C. Hart 1966 Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes.
University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley (p.
264)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Yurok Dye (Unspecified)
Bark used to dye fibers.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok
Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis
(p. 16)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Hesquiat Fiber (Canoe Material)
Wood used for carved dishes and canoe bailers.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat
Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial
Museum (p. 62)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Stems used in basketry.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok
Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis
(p. 16)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Karok Fiber (Basketry)
Roots used to make baskets.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany.
Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 382)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Makah Fiber (Furniture)
Wood used to make baby cradles.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Fiber (Canoe Material)
Wood used to make canoe bailers.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Oweekeno Fiber (Canoe Material)
Wood used to make tool handles, canoe bailers, masks and rattles.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 86)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Quileute Fiber (Canoe Material)
Green wood seasoned and used to make canoe paddles.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Tolowa Fiber (Basketry)
Stems used in basketry.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok
Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis
(p. 16)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Yurok Fiber (Basketry)
Stems used in basketry.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok
Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis
(p. 16)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Bella Coola Other (Fuel)
Wood used as fuel for smoking fish.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of
British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 202)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Clallam Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used for dishes and utensils.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of
Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes
14(2):192-210 (p. 198)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Clallam Other (Fuel)
Wood used for firewood.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of
Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes
14(2):192-210 (p. 198)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Haisla Other (Fuel)
Wood burned for boiling oolichan grease.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 224)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other (Ceremonial Items)
Bark dyed red and used for ritual applications.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 224)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used to make dishes to serve oolichan grease.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 224)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Hesquiat Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used for carved dishes and canoe bailers.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat
Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial
Museum (p. 62)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Hesquiat Other (Fuel)
Wood considered a good fuel for smoking fish.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat 1982 Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat
Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial
Museum (p. 62)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Karok Other (Tools)
Water soaked stems used for lashing in the sweat house.
Baker, Marc A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok
Indians of Northwest California. Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis
(p. 16)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kitasoo Other (Fuel)
Wood used for drying and smoking salmon both as a fuel and as a
flavoring agent.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 328)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kitasoo Other (Preservative)
Wood used for drying and smoking salmon both as a fuel and as a
flavoring agent.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 328)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Ceremonial Items)
Wood used to carve masks.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 296)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used to carve dishes and spoons.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 296)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used to make bowls and large tubs for tribal feasts.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 279)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Fuel)
Wood used for fire when drying salal berry cakes.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 282)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Other (Musical Instrument)
Wood used to carve rattles.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the
Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany
27:257-310 (p. 296)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Makah Other (Containers)
Cones used to store elderberries in the creeks.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Makah Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves used to cook halibut heads and salmonberry sprouts.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Makah Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used to make bowls and dishes.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Makah Other (Preservative)
Wood used for smoking and drying fish.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Makah Other (Smoke Plant)
Leaves formerly smoked.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Other (Ceremonial Items)
Wood used for making masks, ceremonial rattles and model canoes.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Leaves and branches placed over and beneath food in steaming pits and
kettles.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used to make bowls.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Other (Fuel)
Wood used as a fuel for drying and smoking fish and meats.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie
1983 Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island. Victoria.
British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 98)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Other (Preservative)
Wood used for smoking and drying fish.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Nitinaht Other (Water Indicator)
"If you see a creek without alder along its banks, the water isn't good
to drink."
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People,
Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D.
Thesis (p. 243)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Oweekeno Other (Ceremonial Items)
Wood used to make masks and rattles.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 86)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Oweekeno Other (Fuel)
Wood used as fuel for smoking fish.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 86)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Oweekeno Other (Musical Instrument)
Wood used to make rattles.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 86)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Oweekeno Other (Tools)
Wood used to make tool handles and canoe bailers.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian
Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia (p. 86)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Quinault Other (Containers)
Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Salish, Coast Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used to make dishes and spoons.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the
Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany
25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 79)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Salish, Coast Other (Hunting & Fishing Item)
Wood used to make arrow points.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the
Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany
25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 79)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Skagit, Upper Other (Cooking Tools)
Wood used to make canned food dishes, spoons and platters.
Theodoratus, Robert J. 1989 Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the
Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley. Northwest
Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52 (p. 42)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Skagit, Upper Other (Fuel)
Wood used as fuel for smoking salmon.
Theodoratus, Robert J. 1989 Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the
Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley. Northwest
Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52 (p. 42)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Swinomish Other (Containers)
Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle.
University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 27)
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder; Betulaceae
Thompson Other (Fuel)
Wood used as a fuel for smoking meat.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al.
1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia
Museum (p. 188)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Analgesic)
Used for childbirth pain and infusion of bark used for various pains.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Blood Medicine)
Infusion of bark taken to purify blood and compound infusion used as a
blood tonic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cathartic)
Used as an "emetic and purgative."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cough Medicine)
Infusion of bark taken for cough.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Used for skin eruptions and infusion used to bathe hives.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Emetic)
Used as an "emetic and purgative."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Eye Medicine)
Infusion of bark "rubbed and blown in eyes for drooping."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Eye Medicine)
Infusion of bark rubbed into the eye for eye troubles.
Taylor, Linda Averill 1940 Plants Used As Curatives by Certain
Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard
University (p. 15)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Febrifuge)
Hot infusion of berries taken for fever.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Compound used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness and jaundice.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gynecological Aid)
Used for childbirth pain and compound infusion taken for menstrual
period.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Heart Medicine)
Infusion taken for heart trouble.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Hemorrhoid Remedy)
Compound infusion of root taken and used as a bath for piles.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Hypotensive)
Cold infusion of bark taken to purify blood or lower blood pressure.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Kidney Aid)
Infusion of scraped bark made kidneys act.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Oral Aid)
Infusion of bark given to babies for "thrash," a mouth soreness.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Orthopedic Aid)
Used for swellings and sprains.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their
Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 22)
Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.
Hazel Alder; Betulaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Infusion of bark given to babies for "thrash," a mouth soreness.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975