(database accessed August 2005)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Gosiute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten in spring and early summer.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1911 The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of
Utah. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405.
(p. 360)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Hoh Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs pit baked and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Karok Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs relished by only old men and old women.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 380)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Sauce & Relish)
Leaves eaten as a relish.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs roasted and used for food.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Unspecified)
Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Vegetable)
Onions eaten raw, boiled or baked in a pit.
Mahar, James Michael. 1953 Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. Reed College, B.A. Thesis (p. 55)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Quileute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs pit baked and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Salish, Coast Food (Unspecified)
Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 74)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Thick coated, spherical bulbs eaten.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 482)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 117)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Ute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs and leaves used for food.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 32)
Allium acuminatum Hook.
Tapertip Onion; Liliaceae
Salish, Coast Other (Insecticide)
Bulbs rubbed on the skin to repel insects.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 74)
Allium anceps Kellogg
Twinleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute, Northern Food (Bread & Cake)
Bulbs cooked on hot rocks, squeezed into cakes and eaten.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 44)
Allium anceps Kellogg
Twinleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute, Northern Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs roasted in the sand and eaten.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 44)
Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.
Twincrest Onion; Liliaceae
Mahuna Drug (Dietary Aid)
Plant juice used as an appetite restorer.
Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 62)
Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.
Twincrest Onion; Liliaceae
Apache, White Mountain Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten raw and cooked.
Reagan, Albert B. 1929 Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona. Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61. (p. 155)
Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.
Twincrest Onion; Liliaceae
Gosiute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten in spring and early summer.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1911 The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405. (p. 360)
Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.
Twincrest Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Sauce & Relish)
Leaves eaten as a relish.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.
Twincrest Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Unspecified)
Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.
Twincrest Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs roasted and used for food.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium bisceptrum S. Wats.
Twincrest Onion; Liliaceae
Ute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs and leaves used for food.
Chamberlin, Ralph V. 1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 32)
Allium bisceptrum var. palmeri (S. Wats.) Cronq.
Aspen Onion; Liliaceae
Havasupai Food (Starvation Food)
Bulbs eaten only when very hungry.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman 1985 Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture. Tucson. The University of Arizona Press (p. 211)
Allium bolanderi S. Wats.
Bolander's Onion; Liliaceae
Karok Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs relished by only old men and old women.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford 1952 Karok Ethnobotany. Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392 (p. 380)
Allium bolanderi S. Wats.
Bolander's Onion; Liliaceae
Mendocino Indian Food (Unspecified)
Corms used for food.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408. (p. 322)
Allium brevistylum S. Wats.
Shortstyle Onion; Liliaceae
Cheyenne Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of ground roots and stems applied and infusion used as a wash for carbuncles.
Grinnell, George Bird 1972 The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2. Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press (p. 171)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Carminative)
Used as a carminative.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cathartic)
Used as a mild cathartic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Diuretic)
Used as a diuretic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Ear Medicine)
Used "to remove deafness."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Expectorant)
Used as an expectorant.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Kidney Aid)
Used for "dropsy."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Used for scurvy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children and used as a croup remedy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children and used as a croup remedy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Used for asthma.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Stimulant)
Used as a stimulant.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Mahuna Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant rubbed on body for protection from insect bites.
Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 63)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Mahuna Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant rubbed on body for protection from lizard, scorpion and tarantula bites.
Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 63)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Mahuna Drug (Snake Bite Remedy)
Plant rubbed on body for protection from poisonous snakebites.
Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 63)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Food (Vegetable)
Boiled bulbs fried with grease and greens.
Perry, Myra Jean 1975 Food Use of "Wild" Plants by Cherokee Indians. The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis (p. 46)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Iroquois Food (Vegetable)
Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.
Waugh, F. W. 1916 Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines (p. 118)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Iroquois Food (Vegetable)
Bulb, consisting of the fleshy bases of the leaves, eaten raw.
Waugh, F. W. 1916 Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines (p. 118)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Menominee Food (Unspecified)
Small, wild onion used for food.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 69)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Meskwaki Food (Spice)
Dried bulb used for seasoning.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 262)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Meskwaki Food (Winter Use Food)
Dried bulb used for winter cookery.
Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 262)
Allium canadense L.
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Potawatomi Food (Soup)
Very strong flavor of this plant, a valuable wild food, used in soup.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 104)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Dakota Food (Sauce & Relish)
Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Dakota Food (Spice)
Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Dakota Food (Unspecified)
Fried bulbs used for food.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Omaha Food (Sauce & Relish)
Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Omaha Food (Spice)
Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Omaha Food (Unspecified)
Fried bulbs used for food.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Pawnee Food (Sauce & Relish)
Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Pawnee Food (Spice)
Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Pawnee Food (Unspecified)
Fried bulbs used for food.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Ponca Food (Sauce & Relish)
Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Ponca Food (Spice)
Bulbs used as a flavor for meats and soups.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Ponca Food (Unspecified)
Fried bulbs used for food.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Winnebago Food (Sauce & Relish)
Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Winnebago Food (Spice)
Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey
Meadow Garlic; Liliaceae
Winnebago Food (Unspecified)
Fried bulbs used for food.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1919 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 71)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Mohegan Drug (Cold Remedy)
Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds.
Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey 1945 Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians. Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123 (p. 120)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Shinnecock Drug (Cold Remedy)
Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds.
Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey 1945 Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians. Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123 (p. 120)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Shinnecock Drug (Disinfectant)
Used to destroy germs because of a volatile oil in roots.
Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey 1945 Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians. Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123 (p. 120)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Shinnecock Drug (Ear Medicine)
Heart of onion placed in ear for earache.
Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey 1945 Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians. Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123 (p. 120)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Shinnecock Drug (Febrifuge)
Onion placed in a sick room to draw fever out.
Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey 1945 Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians. Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123 (p. 120)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Shinnecock Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Onion placed in a sick room to draw out flu.
Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey 1945 Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians. Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123 (p. 120)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 194)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Havasupai Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman 1985 Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture. Tucson. The University of Arizona Press (p. 212)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Unspecified)
Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 31)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Winter Use Food)
Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, dried and stored for winter use.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 31)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo, Ramah Food (Unspecified)
Species used for food.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 20)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Neeshenam Food (Unspecified)
Eaten raw, roasted or boiled.
Powers, Stephen 1874 Aboriginal Botany. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9. (p. 377)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Oweekeno Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 77)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Seminole Food (Unspecified)
Plant used for food.
Sturtevant, William 1954 The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices. Yale University, PhD Thesis (p. 505)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Iroquois Dye (Green)
Bulb peelings used as a green dye for wool.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111 (p. 104)
Allium cepa L.
Garden Onion; Liliaceae
Iroquois Dye (Yellow)
Bulb peelings used as a yellow dye for wool.
Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111 (p. 104)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cold Remedy)
Juice taken for colds.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Juice given to children for hives.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Febrifuge)
Used as poultice for feet in "nervous fever."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Gastrointestinal Aid)
Infusion taken for colic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Kidney Aid)
Juice taken after "horsemint tea" for "gravel and dropsy."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Liver Aid)
Juice taken for "liver complaints."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Juice given to children for hives and croup.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Poultice of fried plant put on chest for croup.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Juice given to children for croup.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Juice taken for "phthisic."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Throat Aid)
Juice taken for sore throat.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Urinary Aid)
Juice taken after "horsemint tea" for "gravel and dropsy."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Isleta Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of onions applied externally for infections.
Jones, Volney H. 1931 The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 20)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Isleta Drug (Throat Aid)
Poultice of warm onions applied externally to throat for sore throat.
Jones, Volney H. 1931 The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 20)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Kwakiutl Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Poultice of soaked bulbs applied to sores and swellings.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 272)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Makah Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 24)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Makah Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 24)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Quinault Drug (Analgesic)
Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 24)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Quinault Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 24)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Keres, Western Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs used for food.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 25)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food (Spice)
Onions used to flavor soups and gravies.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler 1936 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63 (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food (Vegetable)
Onions occasionally eaten raw.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler 1936 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63 (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Bella Coola Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten fresh.
Turner, Nancy J. 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia. Syesis 6:193-220 (p. 199)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Food (Spice)
Bulbs and leaves used as flavoring.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 23)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs and leaves eaten raw.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 23)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cherokee Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 47)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Clallam Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten raw, cooked in pits or fried with meat.
Fleisher, Mark S. 1980 The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210 (p. 196)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Cree Food (Vegetable)
Species used for food.
Beardsley, Gretchen 1941 Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892.. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496 (p. 485)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Flathead Food (Sauce & Relish)
Bulbs used as condiments.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 10)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Flathead Food (Staple)
Bulbs used as a staple food.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 10)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs cooked and eaten and the tops eaten fresh with meat.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 193)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Hoh Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs pit baked and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Hopi Food (Spice)
Used for flavoring before the introduction of the cultivated onion.
Whiting, Alfred F. 1939 Ethnobotany of the Hopi. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15 (p. 70)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Hopi Food (Unspecified)
Eaten raw with cornmeal dumplings or fresh piki bread.
Nequatewa, Edmund 1943 Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods. Plateau 18:18-20 (p. 20)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Isleta Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs eaten fresh, uncooked or boiled.
Jones, Volney H. 1931 The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 20)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Isleta Food (Winter Use Food)
Bulbs stored for future use.
Jones, Volney H. 1931 The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 20)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Klallam Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 24)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Kutenai Food (Sauce & Relish)
Bulbs used as condiments.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 10)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Kutenai Food (Staple)
Bulbs used as a staple food.
Hart, Jeff 1992 Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 10)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Kwakiutl, Southern Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs cooked and used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 272)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Makah Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 338)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Makah Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten sparingly.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 24)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Sauce & Relish)
Bulbs used to make gravies.
Lynch, Regina H. 1986 Cookbook. Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School (p. 29)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Soup)
Bulbs used to make soup.
Lynch, Regina H. 1986 Cookbook. Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School (p. 29)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Spice)
Leaves finely chopped and used like chives in salads or sauces.
Lynch, Regina H. 1986 Cookbook. Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School (p. 29)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Unspecified)
Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 31)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs cooked with other vegetables.
Lynch, Regina H. 1986 Cookbook. Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School (p. 29)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Vegetable)
Roasted bulbs eaten with salt and pepper.
Lynch, Regina H. 1986 Cookbook. Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School (p. 29)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Winter Use Food)
Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, dried and stored for winter use.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 31)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo, Ramah Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs, never the tops, dried for the winter.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 20)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo, Ramah Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs, never the tops, eaten raw, with fried or boiled meat.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 20)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Nitinaht Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Gill, Steven J. 1983 Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA). Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis (p. 338)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Ojibwa Food (Vegetable)
Used in the spring as an article of food, the small wild onion was sweet.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 406)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagan-Colville Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs dried and stored for winter use.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 38)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagan-Colville Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs pit cooked and eaten.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 38)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagon Food (Staple)
Roots used as a principle food.
Teit, James A. 1928 The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus. SI-BAE Annual Report #45 (p. 238)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagon Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs and leaves used for food.
Perry, F. 1952 Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia. Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43. (p. 37)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Oweekeno Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas 1993 Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants.... Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia (p. 76)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Quileute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs pit baked and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B. 1936 Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians. Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70 (p. 59)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Quinault Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Gunther, Erna 1973 Ethnobotany of Western Washington. Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition (p. 24)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Salish, Coast Food (Unspecified)
Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 74)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Shuswap Food (Forage)
Bulbs eaten by sheep and cattle.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 54)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Shuswap Food (Spice)
Bulbs used to flavor dried salmon heated with dried bread on an open fire.
Palmer, Gary 1975 Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany. Syesis 8:29-51 (p. 54)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Thompson Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs tied in bundles, partially dried, pit cooked and used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 117)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Thompson Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs dried for winter storage.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 117)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Thompson Food (Special Food)
Cooked bulbs considered a delicacy.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al. 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum (p. 117)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs and leaves used for food.
Perry, F. 1952 Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia. Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43. (p. 37)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Thompson Food (Unspecified)
Thick bulbs cooked and eaten.
Steedman, E.V. 1928 The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia. SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522 (p. 481)
Allium cernuum Roth
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Salish, Coast Other (Insecticide)
Bulbs rubbed on the skin to repel insects.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 74)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Acoma Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Food (Spice)
Bulbs used for flavoring.
McClintock, Walter 1909 Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer. Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9 (p. 278)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs eaten raw.
McClintock, Walter 1909 Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer. Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9 (p. 278)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Hopi Food (Unspecified)
Dipped in water with broken wafer bread and eaten raw.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Hopi Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs washed and eaten raw with broken waferbread dipped in water.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco 1916 Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians. SI-BAE Bulletin #55 (p. 53)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Isleta Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten raw or boiled.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Laguna Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Tewa Food (Unspecified)
Dipped in water with broken wafer bread and eaten raw.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.
Nodding Onion; Liliaceae
Tewa Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs washed and eaten raw with broken waferbread dipped in water.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco 1916 Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians. SI-BAE Bulletin #55 (p. 53)
Allium dichlamydeum Greene
Coastal Onion; Liliaceae
Pomo, Kashaya Food (Vegetable)
Greens and bulb eaten raw or cooked with potatoes or meats for flavoring.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson 1980 Kashaya Pomo Plants. Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles (p. 86)
Allium douglasii Hook.
Douglas' Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagan-Colville Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 38)
Allium douglasii Hook.
Douglas' Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagan-Colville Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 38)
Allium drummondii Regel
Drummond's Onion; Liliaceae
Cheyenne Food (Spice)
Boiled with meat, when salt scarce, to flavor the food.
Grinnell, George Bird 1972 The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2. Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press (p. 171)
Allium drummondii Regel
Drummond's Onion; Liliaceae
Cheyenne Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 12)
Allium drummondii Regel
Drummond's Onion; Liliaceae
Cheyenne Food (Unspecified)
Species used for food.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 45)
Allium drummondii Regel
Drummond's Onion; Liliaceae
Lakota Food (Unspecified)
Species used for food.
Rogers, Dilwyn J 1980 Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota. St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety (p. 27)
Allium drummondii Regel
Drummond's Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo, Ramah Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs boiled with meat.
Vestal, Paul A. 1952 The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94 (p. 20)
Allium falcifolium Hook. & Arn.
Scytheleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Shoshoni Food (Spice)
Bulbs used for seasoning.
Murphey, Edith Van Allen 1990 Indian Uses of Native Plants. Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959 (p. 14)
Allium geyeri S. Wats.
Geyer's Onion; Liliaceae
Apache Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium geyeri S. Wats.
Geyer's Onion; Liliaceae
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food (Spice)
Onions used to flavor soups and gravies.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler 1936 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63 (p. 47)
Allium geyeri S. Wats.
Geyer's Onion; Liliaceae
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food (Vegetable)
Onions occasionally eaten raw.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler 1936 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63 (p. 47)
Allium geyeri S. Wats.
Geyer's Onion; Liliaceae
Hopi Food (Spice)
Used for flavoring before the introduction of the cultivated onion.
Whiting, Alfred F. 1939 Ethnobotany of the Hopi. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15 (p. 70)
Allium geyeri S. Wats.
Geyer's Onion; Liliaceae
Hopi Food (Unspecified)
Eaten raw with cornmeal dumplings or fresh piki bread.
Nequatewa, Edmund 1943 Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods. Plateau 18:18-20 (p. 20)
Allium geyeri S. Wats.
Geyer's Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagan-Colville Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 38)
Allium geyeri S. Wats.
Geyer's Onion; Liliaceae
Okanagan-Colville Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy 1980 Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington. Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum (p. 38)
Allium geyeri var. tenerum M.E. Jones
Bulbil Onion; Liliaceae
Keres, Western Food (Spice)
Bulbs used largely for seasoning.
Swank, George R. 1932 The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 25)
Allium geyeri var. tenerum M.E. Jones
Bulbil Onion; Liliaceae
Pueblo Food (Spice)
Bulbs used for seasoning.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium hyalinum Curran
Glassy Onion; Liliaceae
Tubatulabal Food (Unspecified)
Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.
Voegelin, Ermine W. 1938 Tubatulabal Ethnography. Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84 (p. 12)
Allium lacunosum S. Wats.
Pitted Onion; Liliaceae
Tubatulabal Food (Unspecified)
Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.
Voegelin, Ermine W. 1938 Tubatulabal Ethnography. Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84 (p. 12)
Allium macropetalum Rydb.
Largeflower Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs rubbed in hot ashes, dried and stored for winter use.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium macropetalum Rydb.
Largeflower Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Unspecified)
Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 31)
Allium macropetalum Rydb.
Largeflower Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs rubbed in hot ashes and eaten.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium macropetalum Rydb.
Largeflower Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Vegetable)
Entire plant eaten raw or cooked with meat.
Steggerda, Morris 1941 Navajo Foods and Their Preparation. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25 (p. 221)
Allium macropetalum Rydb.
Largeflower Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Food (Winter Use Food)
Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, dried and stored for winter use.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 31)
Allium nevadense S. Wats.
Nevada Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute, Northern Food (Unspecified)
Whole plant eaten raw.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 44)
Allium parvum Kellogg
Small Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute, Northern Food (Dried Food)
Bulbs dried and eaten.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 44)
Allium parvum Kellogg
Small Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute, Northern Food (Soup)
Bulbs dried, ground and cooked in soup.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 44)
Allium peninsulare J.G. Lemmon ex Greene
Mexicali Onion; Liliaceae
Tubatulabal Food (Unspecified)
Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.
Voegelin, Ermine W. 1938 Tubatulabal Ethnography. Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84 (p. 12)
Allium platycaule S. Wats.
Broadstemmed Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Sauce & Relish)
Leaves eaten as a relish.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium platycaule S. Wats.
Broadstemmed Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs roasted and used for food.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium platycaule S. Wats.
Broadstemmed Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Unspecified)
Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium pleianthum S. Wats.
Manyflower Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute Food (Sauce & Relish)
Green leaves eaten as a relish.
Kelly, Isabel T. 1932 Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210 (p. 102)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Carminative)
Used as a carminative.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cathartic)
Used as a mild cathartic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Diuretic)
Used as a diuretic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Ear Medicine)
Used "to remove deafness."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Expectorant)
Used as an expectorant.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Kidney Aid)
Used for "dropsy."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Used for scurvy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children and used as a croup remedy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children and used as a croup remedy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Used for asthma.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Stimulant)
Used as a stimulant.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium sativum L.
Cultivated Garlic; Liliaceae
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Food (Spice)
Bulbs mixed with food and eaten.
Raymond, Marcel. 1945 Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134 (p. 118)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Alaska Native Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used sparingly.
Heller, Christine A. 1953 Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska (p. 113)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Cree, Woodlands Food (Spice)
Leaves added to boiled fish for flavor.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 26)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Cree, Woodlands Food (Unspecified)
Fresh leaves used for food.
Leighton, Anna L. 1985 Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 26)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food (Spice)
Used as a soup condiment.
Wilson, Michael R. 1978 Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut. The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196 (p. 182)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Soup)
Bulbs and leaves used to make soup.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 28)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Vegetable)
Leaves eaten cooked or raw with seal oil, meat and fish.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 28)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Vegetable)
Leaves used like raw green onions or garlic in a salad.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 28)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Eskimo, Inupiat Food (Vegetable)
Leaves fried with meat, fat, other greens, vinegar, salt and pepper and eaten as a hot salad.
Jones, Anore 1983 Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program (p. 28)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Koyukon Food (Unspecified)
Plant eaten raw, alone or with fish.
Nelson, Richard K. 1983 Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. Chicago. The University of Chicago Press (p. 56)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Tanana, Upper Food (Frozen Food)
Stems and bulbs frozen for future use.
Kari, Priscilla Russe 1985 Upper Tanana Ethnobotany. Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission (p. 15)
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Tanana, Upper Food (Unspecified)
Stems and bulbs eaten raw, fried or boiled.
Kari, Priscilla Russe 1985 Upper Tanana Ethnobotany. Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission (p. 15)
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Anticosti Food (Soup)
Leaves salted and added to soup.
Rousseau, Jacques 1946 Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti. Archives de Folklore 1:60-71 (p. 69)
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Cheyenne Food (Spice)
Boiled with meat, when salt scarce, to flavor the food.
Grinnell, George Bird 1972 The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2. Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press (p. 171)
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Cheyenne Food (Unspecified)
Species used for food.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 45)
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Cheyenne Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 1981 The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55 (p. 12)
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Great Basin Indian Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Nickerson, Gifford S. 1966 Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants. Tebiwa 9(1):45-51 (p. 46)
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman
Wild Chives; Liliaceae
Great Basin Indian Dye (Brown)
Bulb skin used as a golden-brown dye.
Nickerson, Gifford S. 1966 Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants. Tebiwa 9(1):45-51 (p. 46)
Allium sp.
Onion; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Analgesic)
Plant smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 79)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Antiemetic)
Infusion of bulbs taken for vomiting and allowed the retention of food.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 65)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Antirheumatic (External))
Infusion of bulbs, sometimes combined with Monarda, applied to swellings.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 75)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Cold Remedy)
Bulb smudge used to fumigate the patient for a cold.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 70)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Cough Medicine)
Infusion of bulbs taken for persistent coughs.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 70)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Infusion of bulbs, sometimes combined with Monarda, applied to sores.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 75)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Ear Medicine)
Infusion of bulbs used for ear infections.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 80)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Emetic)
Infusion of plant and another plant taken and used as a steam to serve as an emetic.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 65)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Eye Medicine)
Infusion of bulbs used as an eyewash.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 80)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Infusion of bulbs taken for a disease which caused a swollen penis and severe constipation.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 69)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Infusion of bulb taken by nursing mother to pass medicinal properties to the child through the milk.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 65)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Dried bulb snuff used to open the sinuses.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 70)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Plant smudge smoke inhaled for sinus troubles.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 79)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Bulb smudge used to fumigate horses with sinus congestion.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 87)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Infusion of plant pieces and Monarda applied to saddle sores.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 87)
Allium sp.
Onion; Liliaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Compound infusion used for a "baby who starts suddenly, especially in sleep."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 320)
Allium sp.
Onion; Liliaceae
Iroquois Drug (Sedative)
Compound infusion used for a "baby who starts suddenly, especially in sleep."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 320)
Allium sp.
Onion; Liliaceae
Rappahannock Drug (Febrifuge)
Poultice of mashed, raw onions applied for fever from inflamed injury.
Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter 1942 Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures. Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55. (p. 32)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Food (Spice)
Bulbs used to spice soup made of wheat and marrow.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 100)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs boiled with meat.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 23)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Food (Winter Use Food)
Bulbs preserved for later use.
Johnston, Alex 1987 Plants and the Blackfoot. Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 23)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Coeur d'Alene Food (Vegetable)
Roots used as a principle vegetable food.
Teit, James A. 1928 The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus. SI-BAE Annual Report #45 (p. 89)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Comanche Food (Unspecified)
Roasted bulbs used for food.
Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones 1940 Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542 (p. 520)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Costanoan Food (Winter Use Food)
Bulbs gathered in winter and used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R. 1984 Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington. Economic Botany 38(2):240-255 (p. 255)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Hualapai Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs eaten fresh.
Watahomigie, Lucille J. 1982 Hualapai Ethnobotany. Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8 (p. 19)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Hualapai Food (Winter Use Food)
Bulbs stored for winter use.
Watahomigie, Lucille J. 1982 Hualapai Ethnobotany. Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8 (p. 19)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Kawaiisu Food (Vegetable)
Tops and roots eaten raw and fresh.
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1981 Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 10)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Malecite Food (Unspecified)
Species used for food.
Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter 1952 Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7 (p. 6)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Montana Indian Food (Vegetable)
Onions cooked and eaten.
Blankinship, J. W. 1905 Native Economic Plants of Montana. Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 6)
Allium sp.
Wild Onions; Liliaceae
Omaha Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs and tops eaten both raw and cooked.
Gilmore, Melvin R. 1913 A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians. Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57. (p. 325)
Allium sp.
Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute, Northern Food (Unspecified)
Stems rolled into a ball and eaten.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 44)
Allium sp.
Onion; Liliaceae
Paiute, Northern Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs eaten raw.
Fowler, Catherine S. 1989 Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940. Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press (p. 44)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food (Unspecified)
Bulbous roots cooked in pits and used for food.
Ray, Verne F. 1932 The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington. University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5 (p. 100)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Spokan Food (Unspecified)
Roots used for food.
Teit, James A. 1928 The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus. SI-BAE Annual Report #45 (p. 343)
Allium sp.
Wild Onion; Liliaceae
Navajo Dye (Green)
Used for a green dye.
Elmore, Francis H. 1944 Ethnobotany of the Navajo. Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 32)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Other (Incense & Fragrance)
Bulbs rubbed on quivers as a deodorant.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 107)
Allium sp.
; Liliaceae
Blackfoot Other (Soap)
Bulbs and water used to shine arrows.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 107)
Allium stellatum Nutt. ex Ker-Gawl.
Autumn Onion; Liliaceae
Chippewa Drug (Cold Remedy)
Sweetened decoction of root taken, especially by children, for colds.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 340)
Allium stellatum Nutt. ex Ker-Gawl.
Autumn Onion; Liliaceae
Chippewa Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Sweetened decoction of root taken, especially by children, for colds.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 340)
Allium stellatum Nutt. ex Ker-Gawl.
Autumn Onion; Liliaceae
Chippewa Other (Toys & Games)
Used as toys.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 377)
Allium textile A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.
Textile Onion; Liliaceae
Lakota Food (Soup)
Bulbs cooked in stews.
Kraft, Shelly Katheren 1990 Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation. University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis (p. 50)
Allium textile A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.
Textile Onion; Liliaceae
Lakota Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten fresh or stored for future use.
Kraft, Shelly Katheren 1990 Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation. University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis (p. 50)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Antihemorrhagic)
Plant eaten as a spring tonic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 52)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cold Remedy)
Plant eaten for colds.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 52)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Ear Medicine)
Warm juice used for earache.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 52)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Plant eaten for croup.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 52)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Chippewa Drug (Emetic)
Decoction of root taken as a quick-acting emetic.
Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 346)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Iroquois Drug (Anthelmintic)
Decoction of plant given to children for worms.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 281)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Iroquois Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Decoction of plant given to children for worms.
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 281)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Iroquois Drug (Tonic)
Decoction of plant taken as a spring tonic and "cleans you out."
Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 281)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Cherokee Food (Unspecified)
Species used for food.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 52)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Cherokee Food (Unspecified)
Young plants boiled, fried and eaten.
Witthoft, John 1977 Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs. Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255 (p. 251)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Cherokee Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs and leaves cooked like poke, with or without eggs.
Perry, Myra Jean 1975 Food Use of "Wild" Plants by Cherokee Indians. The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis (p. 47)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Iroquois Food (Vegetable)
Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.
Waugh, F. W. 1916 Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines (p. 118)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Iroquois Food (Vegetable)
Bulb, consisting of the fleshy bases of the leaves, eaten raw.
Waugh, F. W. 1916 Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines (p. 118)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Menominee Food (Winter Use Food)
Large, wild onion dried for winter use.
Smith, Huron H. 1923 Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174 (p. 69)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Ojibwa Food (Dried Food)
Large, bitter, wild leek gathered in spring and dried for future use.
Smith, Huron H. 1932 Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525 (p. 406)
Allium tricoccum Ait.
Wild Leek; Liliaceae
Potawatomi Food (Vegetable)
Large, wild onion used for food.
Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 104)
Allium unifolium Kellogg
Oneleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Mendocino Indian Drug (Poison)
Plant considered poisonous.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408. (p. 323)
Allium unifolium Kellogg
Oneleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Mendocino Indian Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs and leaf bases fried and eaten.
Chestnut, V. K. 1902 Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408. (p. 323)
Allium unifolium Kellogg
Oneleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Papago Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44 (p. 15)
Allium unifolium Kellogg
Oneleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Pomo Food (Spice)
Bulbs cooked with other bulbs as a seasoning.
Barrett, S. A. 1952 Material Aspects of Pomo Culture. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20 (p. 89)
Allium unifolium Kellogg
Oneleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Pomo Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten raw or baked.
Barrett, S. A. 1952 Material Aspects of Pomo Culture. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20 (p. 89)
Allium unifolium Kellogg
Oneleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Yuki Food (Unspecified)
Bulbs eaten raw or fried.
Curtin, L. S. M. 1957 Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants. The Masterkey 31:85-94 (p. 86)
Allium unifolium Kellogg
Oneleaf Onion; Liliaceae
Papago Other (Cash Crop)
Bulbs traded for baskets, skins or pottery.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill 1935 Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians. University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84 (p. 18)
Allium validum S. Wats.
Pacific Onion; Liliaceae
Cahuilla Food (Spice)
Bulbs used as a flavoring ingredient for other foods.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel 1972 Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press (p. 37)
Allium validum S. Wats.
Pacific Onion; Liliaceae
Cahuilla Food (Vegetable)
Bulbs eaten raw.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel 1972 Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press (p. 37)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Carminative)
Used as a carminative.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Cathartic)
Used as a mild cathartic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Diuretic)
Used as a diuretic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Ear Medicine)
Used "to remove deafness."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Expectorant)
Used as an expectorant .
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Kidney Aid)
Used for "dropsy."
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Misc. Disease Remedy)
Used for scurvy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pediatric Aid)
Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children and used as a croup remedy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children and used as a croup remedy.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Respiratory Aid)
Used for asthma.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Cherokee Drug (Stimulant)
Used as a stimulant.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 35)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Mahuna Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant rubbed on body for protection from insect bites.
Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 63)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Mahuna Drug (Dermatological Aid)
Plant rubbed on body for protection from lizard, scorpion and tarantula bites.
Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 63)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Mahuna Drug (Snake Bite Remedy)
Plant rubbed on body for protection from poisonous snakebites.
Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 63)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Rappahannock Drug (Hypotensive)
Raw root bulbs chewed for high blood pressure.
Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter 1942 Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures. Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55. (p. 34)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Rappahannock Drug (Pulmonary Aid)
Raw root bulbs chewed for shortness of breath.
Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter 1942 Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures. Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55. (p. 34)
Allium vineale L.
Wild Garlic; Liliaceae
Hopi Food (Unspecified)
Bulb used for food.
Vestal, Paul A 1940 Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891. Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168 (p. 159)
Monarda sp.
; Lamiaceae
Blackfoot Drug (Veterinary Aid)
Infusion of plant pieces and Allium applied to saddle sores.
Hellson, John C. 1974 Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians. Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series (p. 87)
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