Vascular plants in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and Manitoba
  Satellite images: NASA.
- still under construction -

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This website is not a guide to herbal use.  The information and illustrations found here are for scholarly, artistic, and historical purposes only.  Improper use of medicinal plants can be harmful or fatal.  Contact your trained medical practitioner for advice and information about the proper and safe use of herbs.

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Web page © Maquah Publications, 2005

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Family Malvaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 513

Abelmoschus esculentus . Okra - Malvaceae *MN* non-native
       Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
 Hibiscus esculentus L.


Family Pinaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  1 : 55

Abies P. Mill.     Fir
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Abies balsamea . Balsam fir, Canada balsam - Pinaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
Ethnobotany: Used for pulpwood and yields the oleoresin known as Canada balsam (Burns and Honkala 1990); Winter
       Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.
Pinus balsamea L.


Abietinella

Abietinella abietina      *MB* Widespread and apparently secure throughout range; more information needed to determine status in Manitoba  [photos . ]


Family Malvaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 513

Abutilon P. Mill.       Indian mallow
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Abutilon theophrasti . piemarker, velvet-leaf, Velvet leaf - Malvaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*, Minn. Stat. §1505.0740, "Secondary noxious weed"; *MB* not native to Manitoba
       Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
 Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusby
 Abutilon avicennae Gaertn.


Family Euphorbiaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 452

Acalypha L.       copperleaf
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Acalypha gracilens Gray           slender threeseed mercury *WI*
 Acalypha gracilens Gray var. delzii L. Mill.
 Acalypha gracilens Gray var. fraseri (Muell.-Arg.) Weatherby

Acalypha gracilens A.Gray subsp. gracilens +       short-stalk copper-leaf, slender three-seeded-mercury *WI*
Acalypha gracilens A.Gray var. gracilens

Acalypha rhomboidea . Three-seeded mercury - Euphorbiaceae *MN* native to Minnesota
       Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.       Virginia threeseed mercury.  rhombic copper-leaf, three-seeded-mercury *WI*
 Acalypha virginica L. var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider

Acalypha virginica L.       Virginia threeseed mercury, Virginia copper-leaf [excluded in Wisconsin]


Family Aceraceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 494

Acer L.       maple
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Acer ×freemanii E. Murr.       Freeman maple, Freeman's maple - *WI*
Acer rubrum L. X A. saccharinum L. (WI)

Acer ginnala . Amur maple - Aceraceae *MN* non-native, *WI*, *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range; not native to Manitoba
       Acer ginnala Maxim.

Acer negundo . Boxelder, ash-leaved maple, Manitoba maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
       Acer negundo L.

Acer negundo var. interius . Boxelder, ash-leaved maple, Manitoba maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota,  *WI*, *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
       Acer negundo L. var. interius (Britt.) Sarg.
 Acer interius Britt.
 Acer negundo L. ssp. interius (Britt.) A.& D. Löve
Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench subsp. interius (Britton) A.Löve & D.Löve  (WI)
 Negundo interius (Britt.) Rydb.

Acer negundo var. negundo . Boxelder, Manitoba maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; SU
       Acer negundo L. var. negundo
 Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench
 Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.

Acer negundo L. var. violaceum (Kirchn.) Jaeger . box elder, Manitoba maple - *WI*, *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain
 Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench ssp. violaceum (Kirchn.) W.A. Weber

Acer nigrum . Black maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Acer nigrum Michx. f.
 Acer nigrum Michx. f. var. palmeri Sarg.
 Acer saccharum Marsh. ssp. nigrum (Michx. f.) Desmarais
 Acer saccharum Marsh. var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Britt.
 Acer saccharum Marsh. var. viride (Schmidt) E. Murr.
 Saccharodendron nigrum (Michx. f.) Small

Acer pensylvanicum L.       goosefoot maple, moosewood, striped maple - *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range

Acer platanoides L.       Norway maple - *WI*
 Acer platanoides L. var. schwedleri Nichols.

Acer pseudoplatanus L.       sycamore maple

Acer rubrum . Red maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range
       Acer rubrum L.

Acer rubrum L. var. rubrum       red maple - *WI*
Acer rubrum L. f. tomentosum (Desf.) Dans. (WI) 
Acer rubrum L. var. tomentosum Tausch
 Acer stenocarpum Britt.
 Rufacer rubrum (L.) Small

Acer saccharinum . Silver maple, soft maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Acer saccharinum L.
 Acer dasycarpum Ehrh.
 Acer saccharinum L. var. laciniatum Pax
 Acer saccharinum L. var. wieri Rehd.
 Argentacer saccharinum (L.) Small

Acer saccharum . Hard maple, Sugar maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Acer saccharum Marsh.

Acer saccharum Marsh. var. saccharum       hard maple, sugar maple - *WI*
 Acer nigrum Michx. f. var. glaucum (F. Schmidt) Fosberg
 Acer nigrum Michx. f. var. saccharophorum (K. Koch) Clausen
 Acer saccharum Marsh. var. glaucum (F. Schmidt) Sarg.
 Saccharodendron saccharum (Marsh.) Moldenke
Acer saccharum Marshall subsp. saccharum (WI)
Acer saccharophorum K.Koch  (WI)

Acer saccharum Marsh. var. schneckii Rehd.       hard, maple, sugar maple - [Excluded in Wisconsin]
Acer saccharum Marshall f. schneckii (Rehder) Deam (WI) 
Acer saccharum Marsh. ssp. ozarkense E. Murr.
 Acer saccharum Marsh. var. rugellii (Pax) Rehd.
 Acer saccharum Marsh. ssp. schneckii (Rehd.) Desmarais

Acer spicatum . Mountain maple - Aceraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range
       Acer spicatum Lam.

Acer tataricum L.       tatarian maple


Compositae 3 :  347
Family Asteraceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Achillea L.       yarrow
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Achillea filipendulina Lam.       fernleaf yarrow

Achillea ligustica All.       Ligurian yarrow

Achillea millefolium . Yarrow, common yarrow - Asteraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
       Achillea millefolium L.       common yarrow

Achillea millefolium L. var. borealis (Bong.) Farw. . northern Yarrow - *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
 Achillea borealis Bong.
 Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck
 Achillea millefolium L. ssp. atrotegula Boivin
 Achillea millefolium L. ssp. borealis (Bong.) Breitung
 Achillea millefolium L. var. fulva Boivin
 Achillea millefolium L. var. parviligula Boivin
 Achillea millefolium L. var. parvula Boivin

Achillea millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper .  common yarrow, milfoil, wooly yarrow  - *WI*, *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
Achillea angustissima Rydb. (WI)
Achillea aspleniifolia auct. non Vent. (WI)
Achillea eradiata Piper (WI)
Achillea gracilis Raf. (WI)
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. (WI)
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. f. peroutkyi F.C.Seymour (WI)
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. f. rubicunda Farw. (WI)
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. subsp. typica D.D.Keck (WI)
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. arachnoidea Lunell (WI)
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. eradiata (Piper) M.Peck (WI)
Achillea laxiflora Pollard & Cockerell (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper f. rubicunda Farw. (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. subsp. occidentalis (DC.) Hyl. (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. subsp. pallidotegula B.Boivin (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. var. aspleniifolia (Vent.) Farw. (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. var. gracilis Raf. ex DC. (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. var. occidentalis DC. (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. var. rosea (Desf.) Torr. & A.Gray (WI)
Achillea millefolium L. var. russeolata B.Boivin (WI)
Achillea occidentalis (DC.) Raf. ex Rydb. (WI)
Achillea rosea Desf. (WI)
Achillea tomentosa Pursh, non L. (WI)

Achillea millefolium L. var. millefolium       common yarrow, milfoil - *WI*, *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; not native to Manitoba
Achillea millefolium L. var. millefolium (WI)

Achillea millefolium L. var. nigrescens E. Mey.       common yarrow, yarrow - *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
Achillea nigrescens (E. Mey.) Rydb.

Achillea millefolium L. var. occidentalis DC.       western yarrow
 Achillea angustissima Rydb.
 Achillea aspleniifolia auct. non Vent.
 Achillea eradiata Piper
 Achillea gracilis Raf.
 Achillea laxiflora Pollard & Cockerell
 Achillea lanulosa Nutt.
 Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. arachnoidea Lunell
 Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. eradiata (Piper) M.E. Peck
 Achillea lanulosa Nutt. ssp. typica Keck
 Achillea millefolium L. var. aspleniifolia (Vent.) Farw.
 Achillea millefolium L. var. gracilis Raf. ex DC.
 Achillea millefolium L. ssp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper
 Achillea millefolium L. var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper
 Achillea millefolium L. ssp. occidentalis (DC.) Hyl.
 Achillea millefolium L. ssp. pallidotegula Boivin
 Achillea millefolium L. var. rosea (Desf.) Torr. & Gray
 Achillea millefolium L. var. russeolata Boivin
 Achillea occidentalis (DC.) Raf. ex Rydb.
 Achillea rosea Desf.
 Achillea tomentosa Pursh, non L.

Achillea nobilis . Noble yarrow - Asteraceae *MN* non-native

Achillea ptarmica . Sneezeweed, sneezewort - Asteraceae *MN* non-native, *WI*, *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range; not native to Manitoba
       Achillea ptarmica L.

Achillea sibirica . many-flowered yarrow, siberian yarrow - Asteraceae *MN* native to Minnesota :  Threatened list ; *MB* Species abundant and widespread throughout range, but more information needed; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
       Achillea sibirica Ledeb.
 Achillea multiflora Hook.


Graminaceae 1 : 107
Family Poaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Achnatherum Beauv.       needlegrass
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth       Indian ricegrass, Indian rice grass - [Excluded in Wisconsin]
 Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt.
Eriocoma hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Rydb. (WI)
 Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Ricker ex Piper
 Stipa hymenoides Roemer & J.A. Schultes


Labiatae 3 :  99
Family Lamiaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Acinos P. Mill.       acinos
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy       basil thyme, mother-of-thyme - *WI*
 Acinos thymoides (L.) Moench
 Calamintha acinos (L.) Clairville ex Gaud.
 Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze
 Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele
Thymus acinos L.  (WI)


Family Ranunculaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 84

Aconitum L.       monkshood
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Aconitum columbianum Nutt. . Columbian monk's-hood - *WI*

Aconitum columbianum Nutt. subsp. columbianum , Columbian monk's-hood - *WI* * +
Aconitum columbianum Nutt. subsp. pallidum Piper (WI)
Aconitum columbianum Nutt. var. bakeri (Greene) H.D.Harr. (WI)
Aconitum columbianum Nutt. var. columbianum (WI)
Aconitum columbianum Nutt. var. ochroleucum A.Nelson (WI)
Aconitum geranioides auct. pro parte, non Greene (WI)
Aconitum hansenii auct. pro parte, non Greene (WI)
Aconitum infectum Greene (WI)
Aconitum leibergii auct. pro parte, non Greene (WI)
Aconitum mogollonicum auct. pro parte, non Greene (WI)
Aconitum noveboracense A.Gray ex Coville (WI)
Aconitum noveboracense A.Gray ex Coville var. quasiciliatum Fassett (WI)
Aconitum uncinatum L. subsp. noveboracense (A.Gray ex Coville) Hardin (WI)
Aconitum viviparum auct. pro parte, non Greene (WI)

Aconitum napellus . garden aconite, Monkshood, Venus chariot - Ranunculaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*
       Aconitum napellus L.       Venus' chariot

Aconitum noveboracense Gray ex Coville       northern blue monkshood
 Aconitum noveboracense Gray ex Coville var. quasiciliatum Fassett
 Aconitum uncinatum L. ssp. noveboracense (Gray ex Coville) Hardin


1:445
Family Acoraceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Acorus L.       sweetflag

Acorus americanus . Sweet flag, sweet-flag - Acoraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
    Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf.
Acorus calamus auct. non L.
Acorus calamus L. var. americanus (Raf.) H.D. Wulff.
Acorus calamus L. var. americanus Raf. (WI)

Acorus calamus . Sweet flag, sweet-flag - Acoraceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range
       Acorus calamus L.       calamus
Acorus americanus auct. non (Raf.) Raf. (WI)
Acorus calamus L. var. americanus auct. non (Raf.) Raf. (WI)


Acroptilon Cass.       hardheads

Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.       hardheads
 Centaurea picris Pallas ex Willd.
 Centaurea repens L.


Family Pteridaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Acrostichum
[1:12]  (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Acrostichum ilvense L. *WI*
    =Woodsia ilvensis

Acrostichum platyneuron L.  *WI*
    =Asplenium platyneuron

Acrostichum thelypteris L. *WI*
    =Thelypteris palustris var. palustris

Family Ranunculaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 84

Actaea L.       baneberry
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Actaea X ludovici B.Boivin . hybrid actaea - *WI* +
Actaea alba (L.) Mill. X A. rubra (Aiton) Willd.  (WI)
Actaea pachypoda Elliott X A. rubra (Aiton) Willd.  (WI)

Actaea pachypoda . doll's eyes, White baneberry - Ranunculaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Actaea pachypoda Ell.
 Actaea alba auct. non (L.) P. Mill.
Actaea pachypoda Elliott f. microcarpa (DC.) Fassett  (WI)
Actaea pachypoda Elliott f. rubrocarpa (Killip) Fernald  (WI)

Actaea rubra . Red baneberry - Ranunculaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
       Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.
Actaea arguta Nutt.  (WI)
Actaea arguta Nutt. var. viridiflora (Greene) Tidestr. (WI)
Actaea eburnea Rydb. (WI)
Actaea neglecta Gillman (WI)
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. f. neglecta (Gillman) B.L.Rob. (WI)
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. subsp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén (WI)
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. subsp. rubra (WI)
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. var. arguta (Nutt.) Lawson (WI)
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. var. dissecta Britton (WI)
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. var. gigantea R.R.Gates (WI)
Actaea spicata L. subsp. rubra (Aiton) Hultén (WI)
Actaea spicata L. var. arguta (Nutt.) Torr. (WI)
Actaea spicata L. var. rubra Aiton (WI)
Actaea viridiflora Greene (WI)

Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. ssp. rubra       red baneberry
 Actaea spicata L. ssp. rubra (Ait.) Hultén


Compositae 3 :  347
Family Asteraceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Adenocaulon Hook.       trailplant
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Adenocaulon bicolor . American trailplant - Asteraceae *MN* non-native, [Excluded in Wisconsin]
       Adenocaulon bicolor Hook.


1:31
Family Pteridaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Adiantum L.       maidenhair fern
1:31 (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris       Aleutian maidenhair, [Excluded in Wisconsin]
 Adiantum pedatum L. var. aleuticum Rupr.
 Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. aleuticum (Rupr.) Calder & Taylor
 Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. calderi Cody
 Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. subpumilum (W.H. Wagner) Lellinger
Adiantum pedatum L. var. aleuticum Rupr.  (WI)
 Adiantum pedatum L. var. subpumilum W.H. Wagner

Adiantum pedatum . Maidenhair fern, northern maidenhair fern - Pteridaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Adiantum pedatum L.       northern maidenhair


Adonis

Adonis annua . Pheasant's-eye -    *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range; not native to Manitoba


Family Fumariaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 141

Adlumia Raf. ex DC.       adlumia
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Adlumia fungosa . Allegheny vine, climbing fumitory - Fumariaceae *MN* origin undetermined, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread throughout range, but elements of future concern; very rare in Manitoba, less than 5 occurrences, vulnerable to extirpation
       Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene ex B.S.P.


Family Adoxaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  3 : 283

Adoxa L.       adoxa
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Adoxa moschatellina . Moschatel, musk-root - Adoxaceae *MN* native to Minnesota :  Special Concern list, *WI*, *MB* very rare in Manitoba, less than 5 occurrences or very few remaining individuals, more information needed
       Adoxa moschatellina L.       muskroot


Aegilops L.       goatgrass

Aegilops cylindrica Host       jointed goatgrass
 Aegilops cylindrica Host var. rubiginosa Popova
 Aegilops tauschii auct. non Coss.
 Cylindropyrum cylindricum (Host) A. Löve
 Triticum cylindricum (Host) Ces., Pass. & Gib.


Family Apiaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Aegopodium L.       goutweed
2:653-4  (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Aegopodium podagraria . bishop's gout-weed, Goutweed, gout-weed - Apiaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*, *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range; not native to Manitoba
       Aegopodium podagraria L.       bishop's goutweed
 Aegopodium podagraria L. var. variegatum Bailey


Aesculaceae  2 :  498
Family Hippocastanaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Aesculus L.       buckeye

Aesculus glabra . Ohio buckeye - Hippocastanaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*
       Aesculus glabra Willd.

Aesculus glabra Willd. var. glabra       Ohio buckeye - *WI*
 Aesculus glabra Willd. f. pallida (Willd.) Fernald (WI)
Aesculus glabra Willd. var. leucodermis Sarg.
 Aesculus glabra Willd. var. micrantha Sarg.
 Aesculus glabra Willd. var. monticola Sarg.
 Aesculus glabra Willd. var. pallida (Willd.) Kirchn.
 Aesculus glabra Willd. var. sargentii Rehd.
Aesculus pallida Willd. (WI)

Aesculus hippocastanum L.       horse chestnut

Aesculus ×marylandica Booth ex Kirchn.      


2 : 645
Family Apiaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Aethusa L.       aethusa
2:645 (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Aethusa cynapium . Fool's parsley - Apiaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*
       Aethusa cynapium L.


Family Scrophulariaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  3 : 172

Agalinis Raf.       false foxglove
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agalinis aspera . rough agalinis, rough false foxglove, Rough gerardia, tall false foxglove - Scrophulariaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Agalinis aspera (Dougl. ex Benth.) Britt.       tall false foxglove
 Gerardia aspera Dougl. ex Benth.

Agalinis auriculata . Eared false foxglove - Scrophulariaceae *MN* native to Minnesota :  Endangered list
       Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) Blake       earleaf false foxglove
 Aureolaria auriculata (Michx.) Farw.
 Gerardia auriculata Michx.
 Otophylla auriculata (Michx.) Small
 Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf.

Agalinis gattingeri . Round-stemmed false foxglove, round-stemmed false foxglove - Scrophulariaceae *MN* native to Minnesota :  Endangered list, *WI*
       Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small       roundstem false foxglove
 Gerardia gattingeri Small

Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt.       smallflower false foxglove, small-flowered false foxglove, smooth false foxglove - *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range

Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. var. borealis Pennell       false-foxglove, smallflower, *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; rare to very rare in Manitoba, less than 20 occurrences
Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell subsp. parviflora (Benth.) A.Löve & D.Löve (WI) 
galinis purpurea (L.) Pennell var. parviflora (Benth.) Boivin
 Gerardia paupercula (Gray) Britt. ssp. borealis (Pennell) Pennell
 Gerardia paupercula (Gray) Britt. var. borealis (Pennell) Deam
 Gerardia purpurea L. var. parviflora Benth.

Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. var. paupercula       smallflower false foxglove, small-flowered false foxglove, smooth false foxglove - *WI*
 Gerardia paupercula (Gray) Britt.
 Gerardia paupercula (Gray) Britt. var. typica Pennell
 Gerardia purpurea L. var. paupercula Gray

Agalinis purpurea . Purple false foxglove, smooth agalinis - Scrophulariaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell  Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell var. carteri Pennell
 Gerardia purpurea L.
 Gerardia purpurea L. var. carteri (Pennell) Pennell
 Gerardia purpurea L. var. grandiflora Benth.
 Gerardia purpurea L. ssp. parvula Pennell

Agalinis purpurea var. parviflora . Purple false foxglove - Scrophulariaceae *MN* native to Minnesota

Agalinis purpurea var. purpurea . Purple false foxglove - Scrophulariaceae *MN* native to Minnesota

Agalinis skinneriana (Wood) Britt.       purple false foxglove, Skinner's false foxglove - *WI*
 Gerardia skinneriana Wood

Agalinis tenuifolia . common agalinis, common false foxglove, Slender-leaved false foxglove - Scrophulariaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf.       slenderleaf false foxglove
 Agalinis besseyana (Britt.) Britt.
Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell (WI)
 Gerardia besseyana Britt.
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl. (WI)
 Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. macrophylla Benth.
 Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl ssp. macrophylla (Benth.) Pennell
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl subsp. parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell (WI)
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. humilis Benth. (WI)
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. macrophylla Benth. (WI)
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. parviflora Nutt. (WI)
Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. typica Pennell (WI)

Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell       slenderleaf false foxglove
 Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. parviflora Nutt.
 Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl ssp. parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell

Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. tenuifolia       slenderleaf false foxglove
 Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl
 Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. humilis Benth.
 Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl var. typica Pennell


Labiatae 3 :  99
Family Lamiaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agastache Clayton ex Gronov.       giant hyssop
3:111  (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agastache foeniculum . Blue giant hyssop, fragrant giant hyssop, lavender giant hyssop - Lamiaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Widespread and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant and nearly secure in Manitoba, but may be elements of future concern

       Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
 Agastache anethiodora (Nutt.) Britt.
Stachys foeniculum Pursh (WI)

Agastache nepetoides . catnip giant hyssop, Yellow giant hyssop - Lamiaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze
Hyssopus nepetoides L. (WI)

Agastache scrophulariaefolia . figwort giant hyssop, Purple giant hyssop - Lamiaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze       purple giant hyssop
 Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze var. mollis (Fern.) Heller
Hyssopus scrophulariaefolius Willd.  (WI)
Lophanthus scrophulariaefolius (Willd.) Benth. (WI)
Lophanthus scrophulariaefolius (Willd.) Benth. var. mollis Fernald (WI)


Ageratina Spach       snakeroot

Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins.       white snakeroot

Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima       white snakeroot
 Ageratum altissimum L., non Eupatorium altissimum L.
 Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.
 Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. chlorolepis Fern.
 Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. tomentellum (B.L. Robins.) Blake
 Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. villicaule (Fern.) Blake
 Eupatorium urticifolium Reichard var. tomentellum B.L. Robins.


Agoseris Raf.       agoseris

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf.       false dandelion, pale agoseris - *MB* Widespread and apparently secure throughout range; apparently secure, widespread and abundant in Manitoba, but more information needed

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. agrestis (Osterhout) Q. Jones ex Cronq.       false dandelion, pale agoseris - *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain

Agoseris glauca var dasycephala  . false dandelion -    *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; widespread and abundant in Manitoba, but with elements of future concern

Agoseris glauca var. glauca . Glaucous false dandelion - Asteraceae *MN* native to Minnesota
       Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. glauca       pale agoseris
 Agoseris turbinata Rydb.
 Troximon glaucum Pursh

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. laciniata (D.C. Eat.) Smiley       false agoseris
 Agoseris arizonica Greene
 Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. parviflora (Nutt.) Rydb.
 Agoseris parviflora (Nutt.) Greene
 Macrorhynchus glaucus (Pursh) D.C. Eat. var. laciniatus D.C. Eat.
 Troximon parviflorum Nutt.


Family Rosaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 242

Agrimonia L.       agrimony
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agrimonia eupatoria L.       churchsteeples, medicinal agrimony - [Excluded in Wisconsin]

Agrimonia gryposepala . Common agrimony, tall hairy agrimony - Rosaceae *MN* native to Minnesota - *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range

       Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr.       tall hairy agrimony

Agrimonia parviflora Ait.       harvestlice, harvest-lice, southern agrimony, swamp agrimony - *WI*

Agrimonia pubescens Wallr.       downy agrimony, soft agrimony - *WI*
 Agrimonia bicknellii (Kearney) Rydb.
 Agrimonia mollis (Torr. & Gray) Britt.

Agrimonia rostellata Wallr.       beaked agrimony, woodland agrimony - [Excluded in Wisconsin]

Agrimonia striata . agrimony, grooved agrimony, Roadside agrimony - Rosaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread and abundant in Manitoba, but with elements of future concern
       Agrimonia striata Michx.


Graminaceae 1 : 107
Family Poaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agropyron Gaertn.       wheatgrass
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agropyron cristatum . Crested wheatgrass - Poaceae *MN* non-native, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; not native to Manitoba
       Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ssp. pectinatum (Bieb.) Tzvelev       crested wheatgrass
 Agropyron cristatiforme Sarkar
 Agropyron pectiniforme Roemer & J.A. Schultes

Agropyron dasystachyum . northern wheat grass -    *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread and abundant in Manitoba, but with elements of future concern

Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) J.A. Schultes       desert wheatgrass - *WI*
 Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ssp. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) A. Löve
 Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. var. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Dorn
 Triticum desertorum Fisch. ex Link  (WI)

Agropyron dasystachyum . northern wheat grass -  *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread and abundant in Manitoba, but with elements of future concern

Agropyron psammophilum      *MB* Species uncommon throughout range (less than 100 occurrences); very rare in Manitoba, less than 5 occurrences, vulnerable to extirpation

Agropyron repens (L.) . Quackgrass - Poaceae *MN* non-native, Minn. Stat. §1505.0740, "Secondary noxious weed", *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range; not native to Manitoba

Agropyron smithii . western wheat grass -   *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread and abundant in Manitoba, but with elements of future concern

Agropyron trachycaulum . slender wheat grass - *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range; more information needed to determine status in Manitoba 

Agropyron violaceum . purplish wheat grass - *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range;  rare in Manitoba, less than 20 occurrences, may be vulnerable to extirpation

Family Caryophyllaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agrostemma L.       corncockle
[2:61]  (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agrostemma githago . corn cockle, Purple cockle - Caryophyllaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*, *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range; not native to Manitoba
       Agrostemma githago L.       common corncockle


Graminaceae 1 : 107
Family Poaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agrostis L.       bentgrass
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Agrostis borealis . northern bent grass - *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range;  uncommon in Manitoba, less than 100 occurrences

Agrostis canina L.       velvet bentgrass
 Agrostis canina L. var. varians (Thuill.) Ducomm.

Agrostis capillaris L.       colonial bentgrass, Rhode Island bent grass - [Excluded in Wisconsin]
 Agrostis sylvatica Huds.
 Agrostis tenuis Sibthorp
 Agrostis tenuis Sibthorp var. aristata (Parnell) Druce
 Agrostis tenuis Sibthorp var. hispida (Willd.) Philipson
 Agrostis tenuis Sibthorp var. pumila (L.) Druce
 Agrostis vulgaris With.

Agrostis gigantea . Redtop - Poaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*, *MB* Widespread and apparently secure throughout range; not native to Manitoba
       Agrostis gigantea Roth
 Agrostis alba auct. non L.
 Agrostis gigantea Roth var. dispar (Michx.) Philipson
Agrostis gigantea Roth var. ramosa (S.F.Gray) Philipson (WI)
 Agrostis nigra With.
 Agrostis stolonifera L. ssp. gigantea (Roth) Schuebl. & Martens
 Agrostis stolonifera L. var. major (Gaudin) Farw.

Agrostis hyemalis . southern hair grass, tickle grass, winter bent grass, Winter bentgrass - Poaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
       Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P.
 Agrostis antecedens Bickn.
 Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt.

Agrostis hyemalis . var. hyemalis . southern hair grass, tickle grass, winter bent grass, Winter bentgrass - Poaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
Agrostis antecedens E.P.Bicknell (WI)
Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter (WI)

Agrostis hyemalis var. scabra . rough bent grass, southern hair grass, tickle grass, Winter bentgrass - Poaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. tenuis (Tuck.) Gleason (WI)
Agrostis scabra Willd. (WI)
Agrostis scabra Willd. var. scabra (WI)

Agrostis hyemalis var tenuis . tickle-grass, hair grass - *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba

Agrostis perennans . Autumn bentgrass, autumn bent grass, thin grass, upland bent grass - Poaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
        Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman         upland bentgrass
 Agrostis altissima (Walt.) Tuckerman
 Agrostis elata (Pursh) Trin.
 Agrostis oreophila Trin.
 Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman var. aestivalis Vasey
 Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman var. elata (Pursh) A.S. Hitchc.
 Agrostis schweinitzii Trin.
 Cornucopiae perennans Walt.

Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. var. perennans .  autumn bent grass, thin grass, upland bent grass - *WI* * +
 Agrostis oreophila Trin. (WI)
Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. var. aestivalis Vasey (WI)
Agrostis schweinitzii Trin. (WI)
Cornucopiae perennans Walter (WI)

Agrostis scabra Willd.       rough bentgrass - *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
 Agrostis geminata Trin.
 Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. var. geminata (Trin.) A.S. Hitchc.
 Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. var. tenuis (Tuckerman) Gleason
 Agrostis scabra Willd. var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen
 Agrostis scabra Willd. var. septentrionalis Fern.
 Agrostis scabra Willd. ssp. septentrionalis (Fern.) A.& D. Löve

Agrostis stolonifera . Redtop - Poaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; not native to Manitoba
       Agrostis stolonifera L.       creeping bentgrass, creeping bent grass, creeping tickle grass
 Agrostis alba L. var. palustris (Huds.) Pers.
 Agrostis alba L. var. stolonifera (L.) Sm.
 Agrostis maritima Lam.
 Agrostis palustris Huds.
 Agrostis stolonifera L. var. compacta Hartman
 Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.

Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris . creeping bent grass, creeping tickle grass, Redtop - Poaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*
Agrostis alba L. var. palustris (Huds.) Pers. (WI)
Agrostis palustris Huds. (WI)
Agrostis stolonifera L. var. compacta Hartm. (WI)

Agrostis stolonifera var. stolonifera . creeping bent grass, creeping tickle grass, Redtop - Poaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*
Agrostis alba L. var. stolonifera (L.) Sm. (WI)
Agrostis maritima Lam.  (WI)


Family Simaroubaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 445

Ailanthus Desf.       ailanthus
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle       tree of heaven, tree-of-heaven - *WI*
Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.


Labiatae 3 :  99
Family Lamiaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Ajuga L.       bugle
3:100  (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)


Ajuga genevensis . Blue bugle, Geneva bugle, standing bugle - Lamiaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*
       Ajuga genevensis L.

Ajuga reptans L.       carpet bugle, common bugle - *WI*


Akebia Dcne.       chocolate vine

Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne.       chocolate vine


Family Malvaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 513

Alcea L.       hollyhock
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alcea ficifolia L.       Antwerp hollyhock, *WI*
 Althaea ficifolia (L.) Cav. (WI)

Althaea rosea . Hollyhock - Malvaceae *MN* non-native, *WI*
        Alcea rosea L.       hollyhock
 Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.
Alcea rosea L. var. sibthorpii Boiss.  (WI)


Family Rosaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  2 : 242

Alchemilla  
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alchemilla monticola Opiz  .  hairy lady's-mantle - *WI* * +
Alchemilla pratensis auct. non F.W.Schmidt (WI)
Alchemilla vulgaris auct. non L. (WI)
Alchemilla vulgaris L. var. pastoralis (Buser) B.Boivin (WI)
Alchemilla xanthochlora auct. non Rothm. (WI)


Alectoria

Alectoria nigricans      *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; more information needed to determine status in Manitoba

Alectoria ochroleuca      *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; more information needed to determine status in Manitoba


Family Liliaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  1 : 495

Aletris L.       colicroot
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Aletris farinosa L.       unicorn root, white colicroot, white stargrass - *WI*


Family Alismataceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  1 : 93

Alisma L.       water plantain
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alisma gramineum . grass-leaved water-plantain, Narrow-leaved water plantain - Alismataceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; very rare in Manitoba, less than 5 occurrences, vulnerable to extirpation
       Alisma gramineum Lej.
 Alisma geyeri Torr.
 Alisma gramineum Lej. var. angustissimum (DC.) Hendricks
 Alisma gramineum Lej. var. geyeri (Torr.) Lam.
 Alisma gramineum Lej. var. graminifolium (Wahlenb.) Hendricks
 Alisma gramineum Lej. var. wahlenbergii auct. non (Holmb.) Raymond & Kucyniak
 Alisma lanceolatum Gray

Alisma plantago-aquatica L. *WI* [Excluded in Wisconsin] , *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
Eurasian water-plantain (WI)

Alisma subcordatum . American water-plantain, common water-plantain, Heart-leaved water plantain, southern water-plantain - Alismataceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range ( Alisma plantago-aquatica var parviflorum)
       Alisma subcordatum Raf.       American water plantain
Alisma parviflorum Pursh  (WI)
Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. parviflorum (Pursh) Torr.
 Alisma plantago-aquatica L. ssp. subcordatum (Raf.) Hultén

Alisma triviale . Common water plantain - Alismataceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba ( Alisma plantago-aquatica var americana)
       Alisma triviale Pursh       northern water plantain, northern water-plantain
 Alisma brevipes Greene
 Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. americanum J.A. Schultes
 Alisma plantago-aquatica L. ssp. brevipes (Greene) Samuelsson
 Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. brevipes (Greene) Victorin


Cruciferaceae 2 :  146
Family Brassicaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alliaria Heister ex Fabr.       alliaria
2:169-70  (Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alliaria petiolata . Garlic mustard - Brassicaceae *MN* non-native, Minn. Stat., *WI* §1505.0730, "Prohibited noxious weed"
       Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
 Alliaria alliaria (L.) Britt.
 Alliaria officinalis Andrz. ex Bieb.
Arabis petiolata M.Bieb. (WI)
 Erysimum alliaria L.
 Sisymbrium alliaria (L.) Scop.


Family Liliaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  1 : 495

Allium L.       onion
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Allium burdickii (Hanes) A.G. Jones       narrowleaf wild leek
 Allium tricoccum Ait. var. burdickii Hanes

Allium canadense L.       meadow garlic, wild garlic, wild onion - *WI*

Allium canadense var. canadense . meadow garlic, Wild garlic, wild onion - Liliaceae *MN* native to Minnesota :  Threatened list, *WI*
       Allium canadense L. var. canadense       meadow garlic
 Allium acetabulum (Raf.) Shinners
 Allium canadense L. var. ovoideum Farw.
 Allium canadense L. var. robustum Farw.
 Allium continuum Small
Allium mutabile Michx. (WI)

Allium cepa L.       cultivated onion, garden onion - *WI*

Allium cepa L. var. cepa       garden onion
 Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don
 Allium cepa L. var. multiplicans Bailey
 Allium cepa L. var. proliferum (Moench) Regel
 Allium cepa L. var. solaninum Alef.

Allium cernuum . Nodding wild onion - Liliaceae *MN* native to Minnesota :  Threatened list, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range;  rare in Manitoba, less than 20 occurrences, may be vulnerable to extirpation, more information needed
       Allium cernuum Roth       nodding onion
Allium allegheniense Small (WI)
Allium oxyphilum Wherry (WI)
Allium recurvatum Rydb. (WI)

Allium cernuum Roth var. cernuum       nodding onion

Allium cernuum var obtusum . nodding onion - *MB* Species abundant throughout range, variety uncertain;  rare in Manitoba, less than 20 occurrences, may be vulnerable to extirpation, more information needed

Allium sativum L.       cultivated garlic - *WI*, *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range; not native to Manitoba

Allium sativum L. var. sativum . cultivated garlic  - *WI*

Allium schoenoprasum L.       chives, wild chives - *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range;  widespread in Manitoba but elements of future concern, more information needed
Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. sibiricum (L.) Celak. (WI)
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. laurentianum Farw. (WI)
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. schoenoprasum (WI)
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. sibiricum (L.) Hartm. (WI)
Allium sibiricum L. (WI)

Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum . Wild chives - Liliaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range;  widespread in Manitoba but elements of future concern, more information needed
       Allium schoenoprasum L. var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman       wild chives
 Allium schoenoprasum L. var. laurentianum Fern.
 Allium schoenoprasum L. ssp. sibiricum (L.) Celak.
 Allium sibiricum L

Allium scorodoprasum L.       sand leek

Allium scorodoprasum L. ssp. rotundum (L.) Stearn       sand leek
 Allium rotundum L.

Allium stellatum . Autumn onion, prairie , *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; apparently secure, widespread and abundant in Manitoba, but more information needed
       Allium stellatum Nutt. ex Ker-Gawl.       autumn onion

Allium textile . White wild onion - Liliaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *MB* Species abundant and widespread throughout range, but more information needed;  uncommon in Manitoba, more information needed
       Allium textile A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.       textile onion
 Allium aridum Rydb.
 Allium geyeri S. Wats. var. textile (A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.) Boivin
 Allium reticulatum G. Don
 Allium reticulatum G. Don var. playanum M.E. Jones

Allium tricoccum . ramp, Wild leek - Liliaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; very rare in Manitoba, less than 5 occurrences, vulnerable to extirpation

       Allium tricoccum Ait.       wild leek
 Validallium tricoccum (Ait.) Small

Allium tricoccum var. burdickii . Burdick's leek, narrow-leaved wild leek, wild leek - Liliaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
Allium burdickii (Hanes) A.G.Jones (WI)

Allium tricoccum var. tricoccum . ramp, Wild leek - Liliaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*
Allium pictum Moldenke (WI)
Allium triflorum Raf. (WI)
Ophioscorodon tricoccum (Sol.) Wallr. (WI)
Validallium tricoccum (Sol.) Small (WI)

Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng.       Chinese chives - *WI*

Allium vineale L.       field garlic, scallions, wild garlic - [WI: Excluded in Wisconsin]
Allium vineale L. subsp. vineale (WI)

Allium vineale L. ssp. vineale       wild garlic


Family Betulaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)  1 : 605

Alnus P. Mill.       alder
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.       black alder, European alder - *WI*
Alnus alnus (L.) Britt.
Alnus vulgaris Hill (WI)
Betula alnus L. var. glutinosa L. (WI)

Alnus incana (L.) Moench       gray alder, mountain alder, speckled alder - *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba

Alnus incana ssp. rugosa . mountain alder, Speckled alder, swamp alder - Betulaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba ( Alnus rugosa var americana)
       Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen
Alnus glauca Michx. (WI)
Alnus incana (L.) Moench var. americana Regel
Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.
Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. var. americana (Regel) Fern.
Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. var. tomophylla (Fernald) Fernald (WI)
Betula alnus L. var. rugosa Du Roi (WI)

Alnus rugosa var occidentalis . speckled alder - *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range

Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC.       green alder, mountain alder, Sitka alder - *WI*

Alnus viridis ssp. crispa . American green alder, Green alder, mountain alder - Betulaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba ( Alnus crispa), *MB* Species and variety abundant throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba ( Alnus crispa ssp crispa)
       Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill       mountain alder
Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch var. crispa (Aiton) H.J.P.Winkler (WI) 
Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh
Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh var. elongata Raup
Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh var. mollis (Fern.) Fern.
Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh var. stragula Fernald (WI)
Alnus mitchelliana M.A.Curtis ex A.Gray (WI)
Alnus mollis Fernald (WI)
Alnus viridis (Vill.) DC. var. crispa (Aiton) House (WI)
Alnus viridis (Vill.) DC. var. fernaldii House (WI)
Alnus ×hultenii Murai p.p.
Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. var. crispa (Ait.) House
Betula crispa Aiton (WI)
Duschekia viridis (Vill.) Opiz p.p.


Aloina

Aloina brevirostris      *MB* Uncommon to widespread-abundant throughout range; more information needed to determine status in Manitoba 

Graminaceae 1 : 107
Family Poaceae    (Family Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alopecurus L.       foxtail
(Genus Information, Photo Gallery and Map Gallery - Wisconsin)

Alopecurus aequalis . Short-awn foxtail, short-awned foxtail - Poaceae *MN* native to Minnesota, *WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba
       Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis (WI)
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. natans (Wahlenb.) Fernald (WI)
Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. (WI)
Alopecurus geniculatus L. var. aristulatus (Michx.) Torr. (WI)

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis       shortawn foxtail
 Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. natans (Wahlenb.) Fern.
 Alopecurus aristulatus Michx.
 Alopecurus geniculatus L. var. aristulatus (Michx.) Torr.

Alopecurus alpinus . alpine foxtail - *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range;  rare in Manitoba, less than 20 occurrences, may be vulnerable to extirpation

Alopecurus arundinaceus  . foxtail - *MB* More information needed on abundance of species throughout range; not native to Manitoba

Alopecurus carolinianus . annual foxtail, Carolina foxtail - Poaceae *MN* nat